Tolerance of five mango cultivars to malformation disease in Mexico
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Tolerance of five mango cultivars to malformation disease in Mexico Elvis García-López 1 & Daniel Téliz-Ortiz 2 & Ángel Villegas-Monter 3 & Elías Hernández-Castro 4 & Guadalupe Valdovinos-Ponce 2 & José Antonio Mora-Aguilera 2 Received: 18 May 2019 / Accepted: 8 June 2020 # Società Italiana di Patologia Vegetale (S.I.Pa.V.) 2020
Abstract Mango malformation (Fusarium spp.) is one of most the severe diseases and is difficult to control in dry tropical areas worldwide. In Mexico, the disease reduces yields by up to 40–50%. In this study, the tolerance of two current mango cultivars (‘Ataulfo’ and ‘Haden’) and three recently introduced to Mexico (‘Rosigold’, ‘Mallika’ and ‘Nam Doc Mai’) to infection by Fusarium subglutinans (Fs) and F. mexicanum (Fm) was determined with a standardized inoculation procedure. The experiment was repeated and carried out in an experimental nursery located in Huamuxtitlan, Guerrero, Mexico, in 2015 and 2016. Each pathogenicity test was conducted on five healthy 6-month-old mango plants per cultivar by infiltration, singly and in combination, of Fs and Fm conidial suspension into the apical bud and the first three subapical (axillary) buds. The combination of Fusarium species induced higher severity (30.8%) than individual inoculation, independent of the cultivar. The incubation period before typical vegetative malformation symptoms was longer in ‘Ataulfo’ (267 d) than the rest of the cultivars (168–198 d). Comparatively, ‘Ataulfo’ also showed lower incidence (23.3%), disease severity index (3.6%), final severity (Yf = 0.6), infection rate (b−1 = 0.039) and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC = 0.53). According to the severity scale used, ‘Ataulfo’ was tolerant, and ‘Nam Doc Mai’ and ‘Rosigold’ were susceptible, while ‘Mallika’ and ‘Haden’ were highly susceptible. Keywords Fusarium subglutinans . Fusarium mexicanum . Mangifera indica . Varietal susceptibility . Severity
Introduction Mango (Mangifera indica) is one of the main tropical species cultivated around the world and Mexico has the fifth-largest cultivated area and is the second-biggest exporter of this fruit (SAGARPA 2017). The main export cultivars planted in this country are ‘Ataulfo’ (26%), ‘Tommy Atkins’ (13%), ‘Haden’ (13%), ‘Kent’ (12%) and ‘Keitt’ (5%) (SIAP-SAGARPA * José Antonio Mora-Aguilera [email protected] 1
Universidad Intercultural del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Tenango a San Bartolo, km 2.5, 43487, El Desdavi, Tenango de Doria, Hidalgo, Mexico
2
Fitopatologia, Instituto de Fitosanidad, Campus Montecillo, Colegio de Postgraduados, km 36.5 carretera Mexico-Texcoco, 56230 Texcoco, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
3
Recursos Geneticos y Productividad, Instituto de Recursos Geneticos y Productividad, Campus Montecillo, Colegio de Postgraduados, km 36.5 Carretera México-Texcoco, 56230 Texcoco, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
4
Maestria en Ciencias Agropecuarias y Gestion Local, Universidad Autonoma de Guerrero, km. 2.5 carretera Iguala–Tuxpan, 40101 Iguala, Guerrero, Mexico
2014). Between 1992 and 2
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