Toward Flexible and Wearable Embroidered Supercapacitors from Cobalt Phosphides-Decorated Conductive Fibers
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ARTICLE
Cite as Nano-Micro Lett. (2019) 11:89 Received: 10 August 2019 Accepted: 3 October 2019 © The Author(s) 2019
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-019-0321-x
Toward Flexible and Wearable Embroidered Supercapacitors from Cobalt Phosphides‑Decorated Conductive Fibers Jianfeng Wen1, Bingang Xu1 *, Jinyun Zhou1 * Bingang Xu, [email protected] Nanotechnology Center, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
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HIGHLIGHTS • The conductive silver-plated nylon yarns fully fit the demand for wearable supercapacitor skeleton, owing to the advantages of high conductivity and flexibility. • The computerized programming embroidering technique was firstly applied for realizing standardized batch processing of the flexible supercapacitor skeleton in various patterns. • Cobalt phosphides were properly electrodeposited on the conductive embroidery as the pseudocapacitive materials, providing remarkable electrochemical performance.
ABSTRACT Wearable supercapacitors (SCs) are gaining prominence as portable energy storage
devices. To develop high-performance wearable SCs, the significant relationship among material, structure, and performance inspired us with a delicate design of the highly wearable embroidered supercapacitors made from the conductive fibers composited. By rendering the conductive interdigitally patterned embroidery as both the current collector and skeleton for the SCs, the novel pseudocapacitive material cobalt phosphides were then successfully electrodeposited, forming the first flexible and wearable in-plane embroidery SCs. The electrochemical measurements manifested that the highest specific capacitance was
nearly 156.6 mF cm−2 (65.72 F g−1) at the current
density of 0.6 mA cm−2 (0.25 A g−1), with a high energy density of 0.013 mWh cm−2 (5.55 Wh kg−1) at
a power density of 0.24 mW cm−2 (100 W kg−1). As a demonstration, a monogrammed pattern was ingeniously designed and embroidered on the laboratory gown as the wearable in-plane SCs, which showed both decent electrochemical performance and excellent flexibility. KEYWORDS Wearable supercapacitor; Conductive fiber; Computerized embroidering; Interdigital pattern; Cobalt phosphide
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1 Introduction Wearable energy storage devices are receiving great attention and popularity for the growing demands from the modern portable electronics and smart textiles [1–4]. In particular, supercapacitors (SCs), also known as electrochemical capacitors, are drawing attention for their irreplaceable advantages in high power density and long cycle life, leading to a worldwide trend seeking for the novel and superior electroactive materials [5–8]. Among the hot-spot pseudocapacitive materials, the transition metal nickeland cobalt-based compounds are widely studied owing to their high theoretical capacitance, such as Ni–Co oxides [9–11], Ni–Co hydroxides [12, 13], and Ni–Co sulfides [14–16]. However, for nickel and cobalt phosphides, more studi
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