Tropical Cyclone Track, Structure and Intensity Changes at Landfall
Cyclone Warning Division of India Meteorological Department (IMD), New Delhi acts as a Regional Specialised Meteorological Centre (RSMC) for north Indian Ocean (NIO) and provides tropical weather outlook and tropical cyclone (TC) advisories to the World M
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1 Introduction Cyclone Warning Division of India Meteorological Department (IMD), New Delhi acts as a Regional Specialised Meteorological Centre (RSMC) for north Indian Ocean (NIO) and provides tropical weather outlook and tropical cyclone (TC) advisories to the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO)/Economic and Social Cooperation for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) Panel member countries, viz., Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Srilanka, Maldives, Pakistan and Oman. The low pressure systems over the NIO are classified (Table 1) based on the associated maximum sustained surface wind (MSW) at the surface level (IMD 2013a). The entire process of TC monitoring and forecasting (Mohapatra et al. 2013a) is shown in a schematic diagram (Fig. 1). Like other Ocean basins, the TCs over the NIO also show sometimes significant changes in track, structure and intensity prior to, during and after the landfall. Out of 5–6 TCs developing over the NIO, about 3–4 make landfall (Tyagi et al. 2010; Mohapatra et al. 2014). The strategies adopted by RSMC, New Delhi to predict the changes in track, structure and intensity of landfalling TCs along with difficult situations and future plans are presented in following sections.
M. Mohapatra (*) India Meteorological Department, Mausam Bhawan, Lodi Road, 110003 New Delhi, India e-mail: [email protected] © Capital Publishing Company 2017 M. Mohapatra et al. (eds.), Tropical Cyclone Activity over the North Indian Ocean, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-40576-6_7
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Table 1 Classification of cyclonic disturbances over the NIO (since 2015) Low pressure system Low pressure area Depression Deep depression Cyclonic storm Severe cyclonic storm (SCS) Very severe cyclonic storm (VSCS) Extremely severe cyclonic storm (ESCS) Super cyclonic storm (SuCS)
Maximum sustained surface winds (knots)
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