Typifications and new synonyms of South American species of Sebastiania (Euphorbiaceae), including nomenclatural clarifi
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nidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Serra Talhada, PE 56909-535, Brazil; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Programa de Pós-graduação em Botânica, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil; e-mail: [email protected]; e-mail: [email protected] 3 Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Itapipoca, CE 62500-000, Brazil; e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. We present 21 new synonyms and 15 lectotypifications associated with South American species of Sebastiania. We also clarify the identity of the type species of the genus, S. brasiliensis, and make a new combination, S. ramosissima. These nomenclatural changes are based on study of the protologues and original material, of the treated species. Keywords: Hippomaneae, lectotypification, Microstachys, synonym.
Sebastiania Spreng. was established by Sprengel (1821: 118) based on the Brazilian species, S. brasiliensis Spreng. Müller (1863) synonymized Sebastiania under Gymnanthes Sw., and Baillon (1864) included its species in Stillingia Gard. ex L. Sebastiania was resurrected and its circumscription broadened by Pax & Hoffmann (1912, 1914), who recognized 79 species in the genus and considered Adenogyne Klotzsch, Clonostachys Klotzsch ex Klotzsch, Cnemidostachys Mart. & Zucc., Dendrocousinsia Millsp., Ditrysinia Raf., Elachocroton F. Müll., Gussonia Spreng., Microstachys A. Juss., Sarothrostachys Klotzsch, and Tragiopsis Karst. to be synonymys of Sebastiania. Molecular data (Wurdack et al., 2005) indicated that Sebastiania sensu Pax & Hoffmann (1912, 1914) is polyphyletic, with ten of its species that were sampled in their analysis emerging in at least four distinct (non-sister) clades. Esser (1998) narrowed the circumscription of Sebastiania, restricting it to taxa previously assigned to the typical section of the genus (at the time known as S. sect. Eusebastiania, nom. Inval.). He excluded from its synoymy the aforementioned genera placed there by Pax &
Hoffmann (1912, 1914). Melo (2006) adopted this more narrow concept of Sebastiana in his taxonomic review of the genus, in which he recognized only 17 neotropical species distributed from Mexico to northern Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. In this new concept of Sebastiania, the genus is characterized by the lack of foliar glands, achlamydeous or monochlamydeous staminate flowers with free sepals, sessile or shortly pedicellate pistillate flowers, persistent columella with fleshy excrescences, and seeds lacking a caruncle. Other recent studies have helped to further clarify the limits of Sebastiana (Silva & Esser, 2011; Melo et al., 2013a, b; Oliveira et al., 2013; Melo et al., 2017). Within the genus a number of unresolved nomenclatural issues persist. Notably, the name, Sebastiania brasiliensis, the generic type, has been applied indiscriminately for decades and is in need of lectotypification. In order to stabilize the application of this and other names, in the present work we make 21 typifications in acco
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