Uniform Design of Optimizing Formulation of Friction Materials with Composite Mineral Fiber (CMF) and Their Friction and
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Uniform Design of Optimizing Formulation of Friction Materials with Composite Mineral Fiber (CMF) and Their Friction and Wear Behavior Yazhou Yang & Man Jiang & Jie Xu & Yunhai Ma & Jin Tong
Received: 15 September 2010 / Accepted: 1 February 2011 / Published online: 3 March 2011 # Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011
Abstract In this work, the uniform design method was applied to arrange the experimental scheme for optimizing formulation of friction materials. The friction and wear of the friction materials based on the optimized formulation was carried out on a constant speed friction tester (JF150D-II), using pad-on-disc contact mode against gray cast iron disc. The worn surfaces of the friction materials were examined by scanning electron microscopy (JSM5310) and the friction mechanism was discussed. The results showed that the uniform design method was appropriate for finding the optimum formulation of the friction materials with better properties. Compared with two conventional friction materials, the friction materials based on the optimized formulation possessed higher and stable friction coefficient and higher wear resistance, even at the disc temperature of 350°C. The adhesion, strain fatigue and abrasive wear were the main wear mechanisms of the friction materials. Tribo-chemical phenomenon and plastic deformation existed on the worn surface layer. Keywords Friction materials . Uniform design . Formulation . Optimization . Friction . Wear
1 Introduction Uniform design based on mathematics is one of the methods for optimum design of experiments. Test points can be arranged uniformly well and each level of the factor Y. Yang The College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China M. Jiang The College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China J. Xu Department of Basic Sciences, Armour Technique Institute of PLA, Changchun 130117, China Y. Ma : J. Tong (*) The Key Laboratory of Engineering Bionics (Ministry of Education, China) and the College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China e-mail: [email protected]
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Appl Compos Mater (2012) 19:161–170
appears once in factor space in this method. Though the amount of the test points is reduced considerably, useful information can be obtained from the experimental data using fewer tests and comprehensive conclusions can be achieved. Polymer-based friction materials are composed of multiple components, which are classified as fibrous reinforcement, binder, solid lubricant, abrasive, fillers and others. Each component has its specific function and there is interaction among different ingredients. In this work, a composite mineral fiber, CMF, and steel wool could increase the friction coefficient substantially. Furthermore, compared with man-made fiber, CMF, as natural fiber, could reduce the pollution to the environment when decomposed at the high temperature. Phenolic resin modified with powdered nitrile-butadiene rubber possesses high thermostability, whic
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