Unravelling patterns of taxonomic and functional diversity of Amazon stream fish
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Aquatic Sciences
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Unravelling patterns of taxonomic and functional diversity of Amazon stream fish Naraiana Loureiro Benone1 · Cecília Gontijo Leal2 · Luciana Lameira dos Santos1 · Thiago Pereira Mendes3 · Jani Heino4 · Luciano Fogaça de Assis Montag1 Received: 8 January 2020 / Accepted: 3 August 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Environmental filtering and dispersal limitation are essential processes affecting the variability of ecological communities. However, their relative contributions are highly debated and remain largely unknown in several systems, such as the hyperdiverse Amazon Basin. We determined the relative role of local, catchment, spatial, and biogeographical variables on the taxonomic and functional alpha and beta diversity of stream fish. We sampled 54 streams across six river basins in the Amazon. For each stream, we obtained 35 local habitat variables and 11 climate-catchment variables. Watercourse distances and basin identity were converted into spatial and biogeographical variables, respectively. We found that taxonomic alpha diversity responds both to spatial and local predictors, whereas its functional counterpart was mainly associated with local variables. Biogeography was the main factor structuring taxonomic and functional beta diversity, with a secondary contribution of catchment and local variables. Locally, substrate type and isolation determined the number and relative abundance of species and traits. The shared variation between biogeographical and environmental variables, especially altitude and slope, were strongly associated with beta diversity patterns, indicating a joint role of habitat filtering and dispersal limitation. Our results show the need to include both spatial and environmental variables in studies of stream communities at large spatial scales, as they are related to distinct processes that regulate community structure. We also encourage future studies to account for the responses of multiple facets of biodiversity to different drivers, as they provide essential and complementary information for community ecology and biogeography. Keywords Alpha diversity · Beta diversity · Biogeography · Environmental filtering · Dispersal
Introduction
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-020-00749-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Naraiana Loureiro Benone [email protected] 1
Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, UFPA, Belém, PA, Brazil
2
Laboratório de Hidrologia Florestal, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
3
Programa de Pós‑Graduação em Agricultura e Ambiente, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Balsas, MA, Brazil
4
Freshwater Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Oulu, Finland
One of the main goals of community ecology and biogeography is to describe patterns of species distribution
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