Update on the use of Pristina longiseta Ehrenberg, 1828 (Oligochaeta: Naididae) as a toxicity test organism
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SHORT RESEARCH AND DISCUSSION ARTICLE
Update on the use of Pristina longiseta Ehrenberg, 1828 (Oligochaeta: Naididae) as a toxicity test organism Gleyson B. Castro 1 & Fernanda R. Pinheiro 1 & Mayara C. Felipe 1 & Aline C. Bernegossi 1 & Douglas Girolli 2 & Guilherme R. Gorni 2 & Juliano J. Corbi 1 Received: 20 March 2020 / Accepted: 27 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Ecotoxicological bioassays have been widely applied to evaluate the toxicity of substances in standardized test organisms. Nevertheless, the main challenge for researchers is the use of native species to express the effects of pollutants on aquatic biota. Thirty years ago, Smith and collaborators evaluate the possible use of Pristina longiseta (as Pristina leidyi) in acute toxicity test, developing some experiments using cadmium and vanadium as toxicants. The present work aimed to update the use of P. longiseta, in acute bioassays, presenting the occurrence and general characteristics of the species; adaptation of cultivation to tropical conditions; sensitivity tests using potassium chloride (KCl) and copper sulfate (CuSO4) as reference substances standardized by OECD, USEPA, and ABNT; and acute exposure to zinc chloride (ZnCl2). The results showed a successful use of this species as tropical test organism, which presented easy laboratory rearing and responded to the classical ecotoxicological index. The present study can increase the utilization of P. longiseta in bioassays for tropical regions and improve the evaluation of environmental impacts using a native species in ecotoxicological studies. Keywords Ecotoxicology . Tropical environments . Acute toxicity . Aquatic worms . Annelid . Sensitivity tests
Introduction In recent years, aquatic Oligochaeta has been used in ecotoxicological bioassays exposed to toxic substances through contact with sediments, interstitial water, and water columns, from contaminated areas (Maestre et al. 2007; Lobo and Espindola 2014; Corbi et al. 2015; Méndez-Fernández et al. 2017; Rocha et al. 2018; Gazonato-Neto et al. 2019). Food procurement has also been a potential source of contamination (Smith et al. 1991). According to Chapman (2001), aquatic Oligochaeta is suitable for use in environmental analysis, because they are fundamental species to aquatic ecosystems, Responsible Editor: Chris Lowe * Gleyson B. Castro [email protected] 1
Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
2
Environmental Studies Center, University of Araraquara, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
where several species are cosmopolitan; these organisms can be easily reared under laboratory conditions and can tolerate unique physical and chemical conditions. Smith et al. (1991) point out that the habitat makes this aquatic group an important group for application in the assessment of aquatic sediment toxicity. However, only a few species of Oligochaeta have been studied in detail for toxicological b
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