Use of agricultural bio-wastes to remove arsenic from contaminated water
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Use of agricultural bio-wastes to remove arsenic from contaminated water Zunaira Shabbir . Muhammad Shahid . Natasha . Sana Khalid . Samina Khalid . Muhammad Imran . Muhammad Imran Qureshi . Nabeel Khan Niazi
Received: 21 June 2020 / Accepted: 10 November 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Arsenic (As) is a highly toxic metalloid. High As levels have been recorded in groundwater aquifers at a global scale. This study investigated As level in groundwater of District Vehari and assessed the potential of different agricultural by-products (sugarcane bagasse, cottonseed hulls, soybean hulls, corncobs and rice husk) to remove As from water. The study was carried out in two steps. In the first step, a total of 38 groundwater samples were obtained from Vehari. Groundwater samples were analyzed for total As contents and physicochemical parameters. Results indicated that As content ranged from below detection Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-020-00782-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Z. Shabbir M. Shahid (&) Natasha S. Khalid S. Khalid M. Imran Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus-61100, Pakistan e-mail: [email protected] M. I. Qureshi Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus-61100, Pakistan N. K. Niazi Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
limit to 49 lg/L in the groundwater samples. The values of hazard quotient and cancer risk were up to 1.5 and 0.0004, respectively, which delineated severe risk of As poisoning. During the second step, six Ascontaminated groundwater samples (total As contents: 49, 40, 29, 24, 18, 16 lg/L) were selected to remove As using agricultural by-products. Furthermore, four As solutions (200, 100, 50 and 25 lg/L) were prepared in the laboratory. Results revealed that corncobs and soybean hulls removed, respectively, 98% and 71% As from aqueous mediums after 120 min. Moreover, agricultural by-products were less effective in removing As from groundwater samples than synthetic solutions. The adsorption/removal capacity of byproducts was lower at low initial As concentration compared to high initial levels, which needs further studies to explore the underlying mechanisms. Overall, the As removal efficiency of agriculture byproducts differed significantly with respect to initial As level, contamination category, type of agricultural by-products and interaction duration. Therefore, these aspects need to be optimized before the possible use of an agricultural by-product as a potential biosorbent. Keywords Arsenic Drinking water Agriculture biosorbents Remediation Risk assessment
N. K. Niazi School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
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Environ Geochem Health
Introduction Arsenic (
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