X-ray Nanochemistry Concepts and Development
This book describes the latest developments in the new research discipline of X-ray nanochemistry, which uses nanomaterials to enhance the effectiveness of X-ray irradiation. Nanomaterials now can be synthesized in such a way as to meet the demand for com
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Ting Guo
X-ray Nanochemistry Concepts and Development
Nanostructure Science and Technology Series editor David J. Lockwood, FRSC National Research Council of Canada Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/6331
Ting Guo
X-ray Nanochemistry Concepts and Development
Ting Guo Department of Chemistry University of California Davis, CA, USA
ISSN 1571-5744 ISSN 2197-7976 (electronic) Nanostructure Science and Technology ISBN 978-3-319-78002-3 ISBN 978-3-319-78004-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78004-7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018938348 © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer International Publishing AG part of Springer Nature. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Dedicated to Rick Smalley and Kent Wilson, my mentors, for their kindness, inspiration, and willingness to teach.
Preface
More than a century after the discovery of X-rays, these energetic photons are being used widely to image objects in both real and reciprocal spaces. Real-space imaging includes dental X-rays and airport scanners. X-ray crystallography works in the reciprocal space, which helps us discover the structure of materials such as proteins and DNA molecules. Unlike these usages of X-rays, X-ray nanochemistry studies Xray-driven chemical reactions in nanosystems, starting with X-ray ionization of atoms to create reactive chemical species such as electrons and reactive oxygen species. X-ray nanochemistry also studies the applications of these fundamental processes. Another way to define X-ray nanochemistry is that it creates, utilizes, and links atomic, molecular, and nanoscale events and studies how
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