Radioimmunoimaging and Targeted Therapy
More than 20 years ago, Dr. Zhu from China said, “As the world-renowned achievements of radioimmunoassay for trace substance detection are attributed to the multidisciplinary effect of nuclear medicine and immunology, likewise, success of radioimmunoimagi
- PDF / 983,051 Bytes
- 14 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 2 Downloads / 178 Views
13
Yafu Yin and Steven Rowe
More than 20 years ago, Dr. Zhu from China said, “As the world-renowned achievements of radioimmunoassay for trace substance detection are attributed to the multidisciplinary effect of nuclear medicine and immunology, likewise, success of radioimmunoimaging (RII) and radioimmunotherapy (RIT) are dependent on the interaction of these two disciplines, which opens up a new way for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.” RII and RIT, together termed radioimmunotheranostics, are characterized by radioisotope-labeled antibody or fragments which can recognize some specific antigen; the ultimate goal of which is to diagnose or treat cancer or other diseases. Radioimmunotheranostics has a 70-year history of development, and numerous scholars who came from diverse fields including medicine, immunology, bioengineering, etc. dedicated in this field made unremittent efforts for human health. With the rapid development of medical and bioengineering technology, novel theranostic probes, which can recognize a specific antigen on the cancer cell or are associated with the tumor microenvironment, are not limited to antibodies but include some small-molecule ligands. In this chapter, we would also give some introduction of radionuclide-labeled non-antibody imaging and therapy, while the major focus will be on traditional RII and RIT.
13.1 B asic Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pathophysiology of Immunology Immunology is a discipline that studies the immune system, immune response to microbial pathogens and damaged tissues, and the roles of immune system in disease. As Y. Yin (*) Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China S. Rowe The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
we know, immunity refers to the body’s resistance to disease, especially infectious disease, which is mediated by the collection of cells, tissues, and molecules called immune system, and the coordinated reaction of these cells and molecules to the infectious microbes is termed as immune response. The most important physiologic function of the immune system is to prevent or eradicate infections. The immune system does not only provide protection against infections but also prevent the growth of some tumors, and some cancers can be treated by stimulating immune responses against tumor cells. Immune responses also participate in the clearance of dead cells and initiating tissue repair. In addition, the immune system can injure cells and induce pathologic inflammation and recognizes and responds to tissue grafts and newly introduced proteins. Immunity includes innate immunity, which provides immediate protection against microbial invasion and adaptive immunity, which develops more slowly and provides more specialized defense against infections. The adaptive immune system consists of lymphocytes and their products, such as antibodies. The substance that is specifically rec
Data Loading...
