Rapid conjunction of 1D carbon nanotubes and 2D graphitic carbon nitride with ZnO for improved optoelectronic properties
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Rapid conjunction of 1D carbon nanotubes and 2D graphitic carbon nitride with ZnO for improved optoelectronic properties Mahrukh Israr1 · Faizan Raza2 · Nosheen Nazar3 · Tahir Ahmad4 · Muhammad Farooq Khan5 · Tae Joo Park6 · Muhammad Abdul Basit1,6 Received: 28 April 2020 / Accepted: 30 May 2020 © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2020
Abstract Conjunction of 1D as well as 2D carbonaceous materials (CMs) is of great importance because of the significant improvement in the optoelectronic properties. Through extensive optimization, a rapid, facile and heat-treatment free route is progressed which ensues 88.4 and 92.3% degradation of congo-red dye for CNTs/ZnO and g-C 3N4/ZnO, respectively. g-C3N4/ZnO shows the highest value of correlation co-efficient (R2) (0.9927) and rate constant (KC) (0.0390 min−1) among all others. g-C3N4/ZnO-HPs4 displays the highest potential of 1.54 V and over potential of 310 mV for current density value of 10 mA/ cm2 compared to others composite while CNTs/ZnO-HPs4 Tafel slope has a value of 42 mV/dec. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry and energy dispersive spectrometry were carried out to confirm the efficacy of nano-composites while electron LSV, Tafel slopes and Nyquist plots were plotted to reveal the consequent efficient electrocatalytic behavior. The modified recipe for the development of nanocomposites having CMs exhibited its potential for use in multiple engineering applications, including but not limited to photocatalysis and oxygen evolution reaction. Keywords ZnO · CNT · g-C3N4 · Photocatalysis · OER
Introduction Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-020-01474-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Tae Joo Park [email protected] * Muhammad Abdul Basit [email protected] 1
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
3
Division of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
4
Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Emerging Technologies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
5
Department of Electrical Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong‑ro, Gwangjin‑gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
6
Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
Nano-materials are of great interest owing to their improved properties and exemplary applications (Basit et al. 2019). Amongst so many advanced engineering utilities, superlubricity and nanoscale grinding (Zhang et al. 2020b) are unique and it interestingly relates with carbonaceous materials (i.e. CMs such as graphene and carbon nanotubes) that act as prominent solid lubricants having a smooth surface and high chemical sta
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