Effect of phosphorous-doped graphitic carbon nitride on electrochemical properties of lithium-sulfur battery
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Effect of phosphorous-doped graphitic carbon nitride on electrochemical properties of lithium-sulfur battery Xu Zhang 1 & Shaobin Yang 2 & Yuehui Chen 2 & Sinan Li 3 & Shuwei Tang 2 & Ding Shen 2 & Wei Dong 2 & Dongyang Hao 2 Received: 12 October 2019 / Revised: 14 July 2020 / Accepted: 2 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Various sulfur host materials have been developed to improve the performance of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery. In this work, we used phosphorus-doped graphitic carbon nitride (xP-g-C3N4) as a sulfur host material for the first time. xP-g-C3N4 was prepared with dicyandiamide as the precursor and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate as a phosphorus source. The effect of phosphorus doping on the electrochemical properties of xP-g-C3N4/S as cathode material for the Li-S battery was studied. The results show that decreasing lattice spacing improves the conductivity by doping phosphorus, and the specific surface area of 0.1P-g-C3N4 reaches 19.66 m2 g−1, which is about two times higher than that of g-C3N4. 0.1P-g-C3N4/S has 1344 mAh g−1 for the initial discharge specific capacity and 882 mAh g−1 for reversible specific capacity after 100 cycles with a capacity decay of 0.34% per cycle, exhibiting outstanding cycling performance and rate performance. Phosphorus-doped materials have a high specific capacity due to their own stronger physical adsorption and chemisorption of polysulfides and higher conductivity. This doping strategy proposed a new and efficient pathway for the fabrication of high-performance sulfur electrodes for Li-S batteries. Keywords Phosphorus doping . Li-S battery . Graphitic carbon nitride . Electrochemical properties
Introduction The increasing consumption of fossil fuels and the environmental pollution brought by them have prompted scientists to pursue renewable energy sources, such as wind energy and nuclear energy. In order to make full use of this intermittent energy, secondary batteries for cyclic energy storage have been paid more and more attention [1, 2]. At present, lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) is mainly used as the cathode material Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-020-03728-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Shaobin Yang [email protected] 1
College of Mining, Liaoning Technical University, No. 47, Zhonghua Road, Fuxin 123000, Liaoning Province, China
2
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, No. 47, Zhonghua Road, Fuxin 123000, Liaoning Province, China
3
School of Metallurgy Engineering, Liaoning Institute of Science and Technology, No. 176, Xiangyu Road, Benxi 117004, Liaoning Province, China
for commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the low theoretical specific capacity and high cost of LiCoO2 make it difficult to meet the requirements of high specific capacity and high energy density for energy storage systems [3, 4]. At the same time,
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