Rapid eradication of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and biofilms by MXene and near-infrared light through photothermal ab
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Published online 24 September 2020 | https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-020-1451-7
Rapid eradication of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and biofilms by MXene and near-infrared light through photothermal ablation 1†
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Fan Wu , Huiling Zheng , Wenzhao Wang , Qiong Wu , Qi Zhang , Jiayu Guo , Bangzheng Pu , 1 1* 2* 1* Xinyuan Shi , Jiebo Li , Xiangmei Chen and Weili Hong ABSTRACT With the development and rising of antimicrobial resistance, rapid and effective killings of bacteria are urgently needed, especially for antibiotic-resistant bacteria and bacterial biofilms that are usually hard to be treated with conventional antibiotics. Here, a rapid and broad-spectrum antibacterial strategy is demonstrated through photothermal ablation with MXene and light. Ti3C2 MXenes, when combined with 808 nm light, show significant antibacterial effects in just 20 min. The antibacterial strategy is effective to 15 bacterial species tested, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE). In addition, the rapid antibacterial strategy works for MRSA biofilms, by damaging the structures as well as killing bacteria in biofilms. Furthermore, the investigation of the antibacterial mechanisms shows that Ti3C2 with light kills bacteria mainly physically through inserting/contact and photothermal effect. This work broadens the potential applications of MXene and provides a way to eradicate bacteria and biofilms physically, without the likelihood of resistance development. Keywords: MXenes, 2D materials, antibiotic-resistance, bacteria, photothermal
INTRODUCTION Due to the overuse and misuse of antibiotics, the development of antimicrobial resistance has been exacerbated. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), such as methicillin-
resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycinresistant Enterococci (VRE), are difficult or even impossible to be treated with existing antibiotics [1–4], causing nearly 1 million related mortality each year in the world [5–7]. It was estimated that this number will increase to 10 million by 2050 if no action is taken [8,9]. Besides developing antibiotic resistance, bacteria can also form biofilms that are responsible for many persistent infections. Due to the difficulties of antibiotics to penetrate the dense matrix, bacterial biofilms are not easily to be eradicated with antibiotics [10]. Thus, it is critical to develop novel antibacterial approaches that can eradicate ARB and biofilms effectively. In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted extensive attentions in biomedicine [11–15]. Some 2D materials, such as graphene, have shown antibacterial properties with greatly reduced bacterial resistance [16,17]. The antibacterial mechanisms of 2D materials were believed to be both physical damages through the sharp edges of the 2D material inserting or attaching on the surface of bacteria, causing the disruption of bacterial membrane and the leakage of cell contents [18–23], and chemical damages through the generation of oxid
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