Rapid low-pressure plasma sintering of inkjet-printed silver nanoparticles for RFID antennas
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Jolke Perelaera) Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; and Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
Steffi Stumpf Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; and Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
Dirk Bollen Agfa-Gevaert N.V., B-2640 Mortsel, Belgium
Frank Kriebel SMARTRAC TECHNOLOGY Dresden GmbH, D-01099 Dresden, Germany
Ulrich S. Schubertb) Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; and Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands (Received 4 November 2012; accepted 12 March 2013)
A rapid low-pressure plasma sintering process of inkjet-printed silver nanoparticles is reported, yielding a conductivity of 11.4% of bulk silver within 1 min of plasma exposure and a final conductivity up to 40% of bulk silver for longer sintering times. The maximum processing temperature did not exceed 70 °C, which enabled the use of cost-effective polyethylene terephthalate (PET) foils. Fully functional radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags were prepared with inkjet-printed antennas, which showed similar results as screen-printed devices. The inkjet-printed antennas require significantly less materials, hence thinner layers, than the screen-printed references.
Address all correspondence to these authors. a) e-mail: [email protected] b) e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2013.73
RFID antennas are, e.g., screen printing,5 flexography,6 and inkjet printing.7 Although traditional printing techniques as screen printing or flexography are using a permanent printing form to transfer the ink to the substrate, inkjet printing as a full digital nonimpact printing method creates patterns directly on-demand without requiring such physical printing forms. Hence, the patterns can be instantly adapted to specific requirements of a wide variety of applications. Finally, inkjet printing is an environmentally friendly and a cost-effective patterning method since the material is placed on-demand with minimal waste generation.4,7 Inkjet printing of conductive precursor materials has been used frequently for the production of conductive features during the last years. As precursor materials, both metal-organic decomposition (MOD) and metallic nanoparticle (NP) inks have been used.8,9 Each type of ink has advantages as well as disadvantages. For example, MOD inks are solutions, which reduce nozzle clogging, and do not require colloidal stabilizers, whereas NP inks, usually have a higher metal loading, are more widely commercially available and have been reported as having lower contact resistances.10,11
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