Rates of lymphocytic thyroiditis and ultrasound features of citologically-interrogated thyroid nodules based on the area
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Rates of lymphocytic thyroiditis and ultrasound features of citologically-interrogated thyroid nodules based on the area of residence in a Sicily province Roberto Vita 1 Flavia Di Bari1 Giovanni Capodicasa1 Sarah Perelli1 Anna Maria Bonanno2 Antonio Ieni Mariacarla Moleti 1 Francesco Vermiglio1,3 Giovanni Tuccari2 Salvatore Benvenga 1,4,5 ●
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Received: 2 July 2020 / Accepted: 3 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose To verify the prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) and the ultrasound characteristics (composition and volume) of thyroid nodules with respect to the area of residence in the province of Messina, some areas having environmental issues. Methods Fine-needle aspiration-interrogated nodules (n = 902) of 809 patients were evaluated upon stratification into 8 areas of residence. Results Overall, women were younger than men (55.3 ± 14.0 vs. 58.6 ± 12.6 years, P = 0.0083). Patients residing in three areas (one hosting two garbage dumps, one hosting a petrochemical complex and a thermoelectrical power plant, and one hosting several ceramic factories [CFA]) were younger than those residing in the city of Messina (MEA) (52.9 ± 13.4 vs. 57.7 ± 13.6 years, P < 0.0001). Also, patients residing in those three areas had a greater rate of AIT, diagnosed either ultrasonographically/serologically (22.2% of patients) or cytologically (26.3% of nodules), compared with MEA (11.7% of patients, P = 0.0007 or 20.2% of nodules, P = 0.0815). Rates of AIT ranged 12.5–28.6% in the remaining four areas. Overall, nodules in women were smaller than in men (3.6 ± 5.7 vs. 6.1 ± 9.4 ml, P = 0.0006). Compared with the other seven areas, patients living in CFA had the largest nodules (6.8 ± 6.8 ml, P = 0.0040–0.0291), with the nodule volume being inversely correlated to patient’s age (r = −0.4955, P = 0.0431). Conclusion Rates of AIT and associated ultrasound features of thyroid nodules vary in different areas of our province. Further studies correlating these rates and features with exposure to specific toxicants are warranted. Keywords Thyroid nodules Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis Autoimmune thyroiditis Fine-needle aspiration Environment Pollution ●
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Abbreviations AIT autoimmune thyroiditis CAIT cytology-based autoimmune thyroiditis
Supplementary information The online version of this article (https:// doi.org/10.1007/s12020-020-02521-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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* Roberto Vita [email protected] 1
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Viale Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Evolutive Age Gaetano Barresi - Section of Pathological Anatomy, University of Messina, Viale Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Interdepartmental Program on New Models of Multidisciplinary
ceramic factory area carbon monoxide Eolian Islands fine-needle aspiration free
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