Recent Advancements and Perspective of High-Performance Printed Power Sources with Multiple Form Factors

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REVIEW ARTICLE

Recent Advancements and Perspective of High‑Performance Printed Power Sources with Multiple Form Factors Xiaoyu Shi1,2,3 · Zhong‑Shuai Wu1 · Xinhe Bao1,2 Received: 7 January 2020 / Revised: 13 April 2020 / Accepted: 8 May 2020 © Shanghai University and Periodicals Agency of Shanghai University 2020

Abstract  The rapid development of wearable and smart electronics for environmental sensors, Internet of things and implantable medical devices has accelerated the demand for high-performance electrochemical energy storage devices (EESDs) that possess high safety and diverse form factors. Of these devices, printable EESDs including batteries and supercapacitors are regarded as a novel class of highly competitive candidates to meet the demands to future wearable, portable and integrated power sources due to their low costs, scalability and outstanding compatibility with industrial processes. In addition, printable EESDs can enable the design of various form factors, including tailored sizes and shapes, miniaturization, flexibility, esthetic versatility and integration. Based on this, this review will provide a topical overview of recent advancements in printable EESDs with a focus on representative printing techniques and their intriguing features, including rheological requirements to component inks, printing resolutions, compatible substrates and potential applications for the fabrication of high-performance EESDs. This review will also discuss the diversified form factors and functionalities of printable EESDs that allow for designable shapes, mechanical robustness and integration toward unconventional, customized, flexible and smart applications in future electronics and present the existing challenges and perspective of printed power sources with multiple form factors. Keywords  Printing technique · Energy storage · Battery · Supercapacitor · Form factor

1 Introduction The rapid development of wearable and smart electronics has led to increasing demands for high-performance electrochemical energy storage devices (EESDs) including rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors (SCs) that possess high energy densities, fast charge-discharge rates, enhanced safety features and long-term cycling life spans [1–7]. In addition, viable next-generation EESDs need to * Zhong‑Shuai Wu [email protected] 1



Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China

2



State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China

3

Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, China



possess diversified form factors, including the possibility for miniaturization and integration as well as being lightweight, flexible and esthetically pleasing to match innovative, portable and wearable electronics such as smart watches, foldable phones, microscale sensors and patchable heal