Recent advances in our understanding of the organization of dorsal horn neuron populations and their contribution to cut
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NEUROLOGY AND PRECLINICAL NEUROLOGICAL STUDIES - REVIEW ARTICLE
Recent advances in our understanding of the organization of dorsal horn neuron populations and their contribution to cutaneous mechanical allodynia Cedric Peirs1,2 · Radhouane Dallel1,2 · Andrew J. Todd2 Received: 26 November 2019 / Accepted: 10 February 2020 / Published online: 2 April 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The dorsal horns of the spinal cord and the trigeminal nuclei in the brainstem contain neuron populations that are critical to process sensory information. Neurons in these areas are highly heterogeneous in their morphology, molecular phenotype and intrinsic properties, making it difficult to identify functionally distinct cell populations, and to determine how these are engaged in pathophysiological conditions. There is a growing consensus concerning the classification of neuron populations, based on transcriptomic and transductomic analyses of the dorsal horn. These approaches have led to the discovery of several molecularly defined cell types that have been implicated in cutaneous mechanical allodynia, a highly prevalent and difficult-to-treat symptom of chronic pain, in which touch becomes painful. The main objective of this review is to provide a contemporary view of dorsal horn neuronal populations, and describe recent advances in our understanding of on how they participate in cutaneous mechanical allodynia. Keywords Dorsal horn · Neurons · Cutaneous mechanical allodynia · Chronic pain
Populations of dorsal horn neurons Neuronal composition of the dorsal horn The spinal and medullary dorsal horns (DH) are the first central relay for somatosensory inputs innervating the extracephalic and trigeminal areas, respectively. Neuronal size and density vary along the dorso-ventral axis of the spinal DH (and the medio-lateral axis of the medullary DH), resulting in six parallel layers that are consistently found across mammalian species (Rexed 1952; Ribeiro-da-Silva and De Koninck 2008). Lamina I (a.k.a. the marginal layer) and Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-020-02159-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Cedric Peirs [email protected] 1
Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, Clermont‑Ferrand F‑63000, France
Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
2
lamina II (a.k.a. the substantia gelatinosa) form the superficial DH and appear translucent in living tissue, due to the low level of myelination in this area. The remaining DH laminae include the nucleus proprius (laminae III–IV), the neck (lamina V) and the base (lamina VI) of the DH. Nissl staining of the DH shows more numerous and smaller cells in laminae I–II compared to deeper laminae. Lamina I is a thin layer that includes cell bodies of both small and large neurons. It is distinct from lamina II, which contains densely packed n
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