Recent developments in mass spectrometry for the characterization of micro- and nanoscale plastic debris in the environm
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TRENDS
Recent developments in mass spectrometry for the characterization of micro- and nanoscale plastic debris in the environment Milica Velimirovic 1,2 & Kristof Tirez 2 & Stefan Voorspoels 2 & Frank Vanhaecke 1 Received: 15 June 2020 / Revised: 10 August 2020 / Accepted: 18 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Development of analytical methods for the characterization (particle size determination, identification, and quantification) of the micro- and nanoscale plastic debris in the environment is a quickly emerging field and has gained considerable attention, not only within the scientific community, but also on the part of policy makers and the general public. In this Trends paper, the importance of developing and further improving analytical methodologies for the detection and characterization of sub-20-μm-range microplastics and especially nanoplastics is highlighted. A short overview of analytical methodologies showing considerable promise for the detection and characterization of such micro- and nanoscale plastic debris is provided, with emphasis on recent developments in mass spectrometry (MS)–based analytical methods. Novel hyphenated techniques combining the strengths of different analytical methods, such as field flow fractionation and MS-based detection, may be a way to adequately address the smallest fractions in plastic debris analysis, making such approaches worthwhile to be further explored. Keywords Microplastic . Nanoplastic . Particle size . Particle composition . MS-based analytical methods
Abbreviations (sp)-ICP-MS μRaman AFM CE DLS FTIR HDC MALDI-TOF-MS
MALS MPs NPs
(Single-particle) inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry Raman microspectroscopy Atomic force microscopy Capillary electrophoresis Dynamic light scattering Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy Hydrodynamic chromatography Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry Multi-angle light scattering Microplastics Nanoplastics
NTA PA PE PET PP PS PVC Pyr-GC-MS SEC STM TD-PTR-(TOF)-MS
Nanoparticle tracking analysis Polyamide Polyethylene Polyethylene terephthalate Polypropylene Polystyrene Polyvinyl chloride Pyrolysis-gas chromatography mass spectrometry Size exclusion chromatography Scanning tunneling microscopy Thermal desorption–proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Plastic debris in the environment * Frank Vanhaecke [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Atomic & Mass Spectrometry – A&MS Research Group, Ghent University, Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281-S12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
2
Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Sustainable Chemistry, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
The past 50 years have seen a dramatic increase in the production and use of plastics. An astonishing 10% of the 8.3 billion tons of plastic produced globally to date has accumulated in marine and freshwater systems as plastic debris, making plastic a fast-growing environmental issue [1], possibly reaching a magnitude identica
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