Recycling potential of powdered cigarette waste in the development of ceramic materials
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Recycling potential of powdered cigarette waste in the development of ceramic materials Geovana D. Girondi1 · Markssuel M. Marvila1 · Afonso R. G. de Azevedo2 · Charles C. de Souza1 · Djalma Souza1 · Jorge de Brito3 · Carlos Maurício F. Vieira1 Received: 5 February 2020 / Accepted: 21 May 2020 © Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The final disposal of hazardous waste, such as cigarette waste, cannot be the same as conventional urban solid waste because it has considerable levels of toxic substances. In this context, this work presents a methodology for the application of cigarette waste in clay mixtures at incorporation ratios of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%. 50 × 6 mm cylindrical specimens were tested in compression, water absorption and shrinkage after firing at 900 °C. Even with a reduction in the evaluated parameters, it was proved that the use of up to 5% of cigarette waste is technically feasible. Gas chromatogram, dilatometry, mercury intrusion porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy tests were also performed. These tests helped to prove that the loss of mechanical properties occurred due to the increase of the porosity of the red ceramic artifacts with the incorporation of cigarette waste, as a result of the combustion of the organic matter present in the waste. However, this combustion is also beneficial because it increases energy efficiency during the burning of ceramic products. The feasibility of using up to 5% cigarette waste in ceramic materials has been proven, provided that the waste is dispersed and homogenized within the clay in the production of the raw materials. Keywords Cigarette waste · Ceramic materials · Hazardous waste
Introduction Studies by the World Health Organization (WHO) estimate that about 20% of the world’s population smokes tobacco, which corresponds to about 1.1 billion adults worldwide. These figures have remained virtually stable in terms of the world’s average even after countless campaigns against tobacco use [1]. Some countries, such as Brazil and Mexico, which showed reductions about 30% in smokers between 2000 and 2010 have been increasing their indica‑ tors in recent years (with expressive growth of 50% in ages * Afonso R. G. de Azevedo [email protected] 1
LAMAV, Advanced Materials Laboratory, State University of the Northern Rio de Janeiro, UENF, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013‑602, Brazil
2
TER, Department of Agricultural Engineering and Environment, Federal Fluminense University, UFF, Rua Passos da Pátria, 156, Niterói 28013‑602, Brazil
3
CERIS, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049‑001 Lisbon, Portugal
and 18–21 years), which has triggered a series of public health problems, such as increased incidence of cancer, and increased solid waste generation due to disposal of these materials [2, 3]. Disposal of urban solid waste considered hazardous does not receive due attention from Brazilian environmental agen‑ cies, since there is no effective
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