Mitigation of Cd accumulation in rice with water management and calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer in field environm
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Mitigation of Cd accumulation in rice with water management and calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer in field environment Wenxuan Luo . Shaona Yang . Mohammad Aman Khan . Jiawei Ma . Weijie Xu . Yaqian Li . Zichen Xiang . Gaoqi Jin . Junwei Jia . Bin Zhong . Lili Duan . Youwei Zhu . Dan Liu
Received: 2 April 2020 / Accepted: 16 June 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Pollution of Cd has seriously threatened environmental safety and human health. The field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer and water management on bioavailability of Cd in soils and its accumulation in rice. The results revealed that continuous flooding has enhanced soil pH from 5.10 to 5.72 and reduced soil redox potential (Eh) from 164 to - 60 mV. Application of calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer has significantly raised soil pH from 5.10 to 6.45 (P \ 0.05). The treatment of calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer and continuous flooding has reduced available content of Cd in
soils by 28.57%. The content of Cd in brown rice was significantly diminished by 51.36% (P \ 0.05). The continuous flooding has promoted formation of residual Cd in soil with application of calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer. The biomass and grain production of rice was not significantly decreased compared with control. Keywords Cadmium Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Soil remediation Water management Calciummagnesium phosphate fertilizer Heavy metal
Introduction W. Luo J. Ma W. Xu Y. Li Z. Xiang G. Jin J. Jia B. Zhong D. Liu (&) State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China e-mail: [email protected] S. Yang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences of Zhoushan City, Zhoushan City 316000, Zhejiang, China M. A. Khan Department of Biotechnology, Quid-E-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan L. Duan Y. Zhu Cultivated Land Quality and Fertilizer Administration of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic heavy metals for humans and plants (Li et al. 2016; Li et al. 2015a, b). The Cd can be easily transferred from soils to plants because of its high solubility and mobility (Bingham 1979; Song et al. 2015). The heavy metals in agricultural soils mainly come from mining, smelting operations, toxic gases emitted by enterprises, application of fertilizers to soils and crops, sewage irrigation and other human activities (Jin et al. 2019; Wang et al. 2018). Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the primary staple food widely cultivated in many Asian countries (Gao et al. 2018; Honma et al. 2016). Rice has a greater potential for Cd uptake and accumulation than other cereals (Chaney et al. 2004; Huang et al. 2019). Long-term intake of excessive Cd in human
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Environ Geochem Health
body can cause severe health risks, such as cancer, kidney damage and bone demineralization (Az
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