Regional and Vintage Discrimination of Romanian Wines Based on Elemental and Isotopic Fingerprinting
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Regional and Vintage Discrimination of Romanian Wines Based on Elemental and Isotopic Fingerprinting Oana Romina Dinca 1,2 & Roxana Elena Ionete 1 & Diana Costinel 1 & Irina Elisabeta Geana 1,3 & Raluca Popescu 1 & Ioan Stefanescu 1 & Gabriel Lucian Radu 2
Received: 31 July 2015 / Accepted: 6 January 2016 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016
Abstract The feasibility of isotopic and elemental fingerprinting in the classification of wines according to their geographical origin was investigated by applying advanced techniques such as isotope ratio mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to characterize wines produced in four major vineyards in Romania from both indigenous and foreign vine varieties, during vintages 2009 and 2010. Discriminant analysis of values for C and O stable isotope ratios and minerals (ten trace elements Cr, Ni, Rb, Sr, Zn, Mn, Cu, Co, V, and Pb) allowed us to classify approximately 90.37 % of the wines and additionally, to verify the influence of the vintage year. The elements Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, V, and δ18O were identified as suitable indicators with ability to discriminate wines according to their producing region. It was shown that δ18O has the strongest relationship with the climatic conditions and location, while δ13C alone has less significance for the geographical discrimination at country level. This research highlights a successfully differentiation of wines production regions based on the variables which ultimately depend on the geographical and climatic features and presents a complete picture of the geographical variability distribution Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12161-016-0404-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Gabriel Lucian Radu [email protected]
1
National R&D Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies, 4 Uzinei St., 240050 Rm., Valcea, Romania
2
Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Str., 011061 Bucharest, Romania
3
Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Blvd., 030018 Bucharest, Romania
among two different harvest years and provides further evidence of the ability of multivariate statistical analysis, based on stable isotopes and trace element data, to show provenance. Keywords Geographical origin . Multivariate statistics . Stable isotopes . Trace elements . Wine
Introduction Geographical origin and authenticity are factors affecting the overall perception of wines in terms of their quality and price, hence, being of great importance to consumers and wine producers. We refer here to the origin certified products for which elevated prices are justified by the strict relationship which exist between the product quality and the region of origin. Starting from the fact that the term Borigin^ has a considerable importance, which correlates to the quality of wines, wine classification in terms of geographical and varietal
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