Regulation of bone morphogenetic protein 4 on epithelial tissue
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REVIEW
Regulation of bone morphogenetic protein 4 on epithelial tissue Sitong Shen 1 & Shurong Wang 1 & Yuxi He 1 & Huicong Hu 1 & Boyuan Yao 1 & Yan Zhang 1 Received: 4 September 2019 / Accepted: 14 November 2019 # The International CCN Society 2020
Abstract Epithelial tissues provide tissue barriers and specialize in organs and glands. When epithelial homeostasis is physiologically or pathologically stimulated, epithelial cells produce mesenchymal cells through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, forming new tissues, promoting the cure of diseases or leading to illness. A variety of cytokines are involved in the regulation of epithelial cell differentiation. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), especially the bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) has a variety of biological functions and plays a prominent role in the regulation of epithelial cell differentiation. BMP4 is an important regulatory factor of a series of life activities in vertebrates, which is also related to cell proliferation, differentiation and mobility, it also has relation with tumor development. This paper mainly reviews the mechanism of BMP4’s regulation on epithelial tissues, as well as its effect on the growth, differentiation, benign lesions and malignant lesions of epithelial tissues, and expounds the function of BMP4 in epithelial tissues, to provide theoretical support for the research on reducing epithelial diseases. Keywords Bone morphogenetic protein 4 . Epithelial tissue . Growth and differentiation . Benign lesions . Cancer
Abbreviations BMPs BMP4 BMPRI, BMPRII Smad r-smads coSmads P38 MAPK ERK1/2 JNK PI3-K PKB AT1s AT2s Sulf1 OC1 NR2B gene Foxn1 TNF-α
bone morphogenetic proteins bone morphogenetic protein 4 BMP type I and II receptors drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein receptor-regulated Smads common partner Smads P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 c-Jun amino terminal kinase phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase serine/threonine kinase B type I alveolar cells type II alveolar cells sulfatase sulf-1 cochlear tissues and a sensory epithelial cell line aspartic acid receptor subunit gene forkhead transcription factor 1 tumor necrosis factor
* Yan Zhang [email protected] 1
Department of Ophthalmology, the 2nd Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
IFN-γ IL-8 BE KLF4 COPD ID3 M1 M2 ID2
interferon-γ active interleukin 8 Barrett’s esophagus kruppel-like factor chronic obstructive pulmonary disease inhibitor of differentiation 3 classical activation of macrophages selective activation of macrophages differentiation inhibitor 2
Epithelial tissues and classification Epithelial tissues consist of a large number of cells with regular shape and few intercellular stroma, referred to as epithelium. Epithelial cells have two polarities, one is called the free surface, facing the surface of the body or cavity organs, and the other is called the basal surface, facing deep connective tissues. There are no blood vessels in epithelial tissues, and they are rich in nerve en
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