Regulatory Networks in Stem Cells

This book ambitiously incorporates all the latest and essential subjects on molecular regulation in embryonic, tissue, and cancer stem cells. The chapter on pathology and therapy is also fairly informative. I highly appreciate rigorous effort by all the e

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Vinagolu K. Rajasekhar, M.Sc., M.Phil., Ph.D. Mohan C. Vemuri, Ph.D. Editors

Regulatory Networks in Stem Cells

Editors Vinagolu K. Rajasekhar, MSc, MPhil, PhD Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York NY, USA [email protected]

ISBN: 978-1-60327-226-1 DOI 10.1007/978-1-60327-227-8

Mohan C. Vemuri, PhD Invitrogen Corporation Frederick, MD, USA [email protected]

e-ISBN: 978-1-60327-227-8

Library of Congress Control Number: 2008939448 c Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009  All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Humana Press, c/o Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Cover illustration: Neurons derived from hESC were labeled with post mitotic neuronal marker of HuC/D(Green) and of neuronal filament of DCX (Red). Courtesy Soojung Shin Printed on acid-free paper springer.com

Dedication

I (V.K. Rajasekhar) sincerely dedicate this book to: My beloved family: my wife, Birgit Baur; my children, Julia and Jessica; my parents, Suseela and Krishnamachari; my sister, Late Bhanu; my brothers, Veerabrahmam, Suresh, and Dasaradharam; my immediate family members, Erika and Hugo Baur, Late Veerabrahmam uncle, Hari Gopal uncle, Raghunath uncle, Jaya Aunty, and Venkatachari uncle. My great friends: James and Loretta Laplander, Julie Cerrato, Christine Geiger, Bela Shah, Guyu Ho, Ravindranathreddy, Zaki Qureshi, Pinakin Patel, S.V. Prasad, S. Gopi, A. Jayakumar, Toshiro Shigaki, Martin Begemann, and Sandra Cohen. My invaluable teachers and advisors: Drs. Sudhir Sopory, Hans Mohr, Michael Mulligan, Howard I. Scher, Lorenz Studer, Mark Ptashne, and Nahum Sonenberg. Mohan C. Vemuri dedicates this book to his parents Vemuri Lakshmanachari and Vemuri Nagarathnamma.

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Preface

Stem cells appear to be fundamental cellular units associated with the origin of multicellular organisms and have evolved to function in safeguarding the cellular homeostasis in organ tissues. The characteristics of stem cells that distinguish them from other cells have been the fascinating subjects of stem cell research. The important properties of stem cells, such as maintenance of quiescence, self-renewal capacity, and differentiation potential, have propelled this exciting field and presently form a common theme of research in developmental biology and medicine. The derivation of p