Rehabilitation effect of the combined application of bamboo biochar and coal ash on ion-adsorption-type rare earth taili
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habilitation effect of the combined application of bamboo biochar and coal ash on ion-adsorption-type rare earth tailings Qin Zhang 1,2 & Guangyue Wan 2 & Caiyun Zhou 2 & Jie Luo 2 & Jianping Lin 2 & Xiaomin Zhao 1,2 Received: 10 October 2019 / Accepted: 13 May 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose The massive mining of ion-adsorption-type rare earth ore has led to a series of problems such as soil acidification, land degradation, and water pollution, and thus, an effective method of treating rare earth tailings is urgently needed. The goal of this study was to explore the rehabilitation effect of the combined application of bamboo biochar (BB) and coal ash (CA) on ionadsorption-type rare earth tailings. Materials and methods We collected samples from an abandoned ion-adsorption-type rare earth tailing deposit in Jiangxi, China. Four treatment experiments involving amendments of 0%, 1%, 2.5%, and 5% CA and 1% BB and a control were performed. The soil mechanical composition (MC), bulk density (BD), pH, organic carbon (OC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), available nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), cabbage growth, fresh weight, and rare earth element (REE) concentrations of the cabbage were measured. Results and discussion The cabbage did not grow when the soil was only treated with bamboo biochar, but it grew when both bio-charcoal and coal ash were applied. The REE concentrations of the cabbage decreased with increasing coal ash dosage. The pH, OC, and CEC of the amended tailings were significantly increased, while the BD and AP of the amended tailings were significantly decreased compared with those of the control. Moreover, the AN and AK of all of the treatment experiments, except for the application of only BB, were significantly decreased. Conclusion The application of a combination of biochar and coal ash effectively improves rare earth tailings and promotes the growth of Chinese cabbage. These results are likely related to the improvement of the basic physical and chemical properties of the tailings. Keywords Mine reclamation . Soil degradation . Acidification . Heavy metal . Nutrient
1 Introduction Rare earth elements (REEs) are widely used in various areas of the world economy because of their unique physical and
Responsible editor: Hailong Wang * Xiaomin Zhao [email protected] 1
Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
2
Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Basin Agricultural Resource and Ecology of Jiangxi Province, School of Land Resource and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
chemical properties. REEs can be divided to light REEs (LREEs) and heavy REEs (HREEs). In particular, HREEs play an important role in high-tech industry development, modernization programs, and national defense construction (Chen 2011; Gai et al. 2014). Ion-adsorption-type rare earth ore is the m
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