Relationship of HbA1c with plasma atherogenic index and non-HDL cholesterol in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Relationship of HbA1c with plasma atherogenic index and non-HDL cholesterol in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Evin Bozkur 1 & Ayse Esen 1 & Ozlem Polat 2 & Yildiz Okuturlar 3 & Yasemin Sefika Akdeniz 1 & Hamide Piskinpasa 1 & Sema Dogansen 1 & Ilkay Cakir 1 & Meral Mert 1 Received: 9 May 2020 / Accepted: 16 October 2020 # Research Society for Study of Diabetes in India 2020
Abstract Purpose Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The plasma atherogenic index (PAI) has been suggested as a novel marker of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. The present study is conducted to investigate the relationship between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), non-HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, and atherogenic index within patients with T2DM. Materials and methods A total of 4252 patients with T2DM were screened retrospectively and parameters including glucose, HbA1c, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglyceride, TSH, age, and gender were recorded. Non-HDL cholesterol and PAI were calculated as follows: PAI ¼ TG HDL cholesterol non−HDL ¼ total cholesterol−HDL cholesterol Results Mean age was 57.06 ± 11.39 years. Mean HbA1c was 8.49 ± 1.86%, PAI ratio was 4.12 ± 3.88 mg/dl, and mean nonHDL cholesterol was 156.50 ± 45.39 mg/dl. Non-HDL cholesterol (r = 0.427; p < 0.001), HbA1c (r = 0.163; p < 0.001), and glucose (r = 0.154; p < 0.001) showed a significantly positive correlation with PAI. Conclusion Although a respectable attention is drawn to non-HDL cholesterol based on the present data, PAI may have a stronger relationship with HbA1c in patients with T2DM. PAI may be beneficial in predicting patients who have high risk for CVD in clinical practice. Keywords Diabetes mellitus . Non-HDL cholesterol . Plasma atherogenic index
Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent chronic disease that affects carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolisms with increasing incidence. It is accepted as a major risk factor * Evin Bozkur [email protected] 1
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Zuhuratbaba Mh, Tevfik Saglam Cd. No:11, Bakirkoy, Istanbul, Turkey
2
Department of Primary Care, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
3
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Diseases, Private Atakent Hospital, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Patients with T2DM are shown to have 2–4 times increased risk of CVD mortality compared to individuals without diabetes [1, 2]. Although pathophysiology is not fully understood, the factors like hypertension and dyslipidemia are thought to contribute to progression of complications as well as hyperglycemia [3]. Based on these findings, current guidelines provide clear targets for low-density lipoprotein (LDL)/high-densit
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