Removal of Cadmium from Contaminated Groundwater Using a Novel Silicon/Aluminum Nanomaterial: An Experimental Study
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Removal of Cadmium from Contaminated Groundwater Using a Novel Silicon/Aluminum Nanomaterial: An Experimental Study Hanghang Zhao1,2 · Fengmin Song3 · Fengmei Su1,2 · Yun Shen1,2 · Peiyue Li1,2 Received: 13 July 2020 / Accepted: 1 November 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Cadmium (Cd) is a harmful element to human health and biodiversity. The removal of Cd from groundwater is of great significance to maintain the environmental sustainability and biodiversity. In this work, a novel low-temperature roasting associated with alkali was applied to synthesize an eco-friendly adsorbent using coal fly ash. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were applied to analyze the physical and chemical characteristics of the adsorbent. The experiments show that a significant improvement in specific surface area and activity of adsorbent was observed in this study. The functional groups of Na–O and Fe–O were verified to d2+ was considerably improved, and the maximum be beneficial in the removal of C d2+. The material capacity to adsorb C −1 2+ uptake capacity was 61.8 mg g for Cd at 25 °C. Furthermore, pH and ionic strength play critical roles in the adsorption process. The Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models can appropriately describe the adsorption behavior, and the enhanced adsorption ability of C d2+ by modified coal fly ash was attributed to ion-exchange, co-precipitation, and complexation. Higher sorption efficiency was maintained after two regeneration cycles. These results offer valuable insights to develop high-performance adsorbent for Cd2+ removal. In recent years, groundwater contamination has increased dramatically due to industrialization, mining exploration, pesticides, and fertilizers application, as well as sewage discharge (Elumalai et al. 2020, 2017; Mthembu et al. 2020; He and Li 2020; He and Wu 2019; He et al. 2019; Ji et al. 2020; Li et al. 2016). The negative manifestations of groundwater contamination have received widespread attention from researchers and the public (Wu and Sun 2016; Wu et al. 2019a, b; Zhang et al. 2018). It is vital to protect the groundwater quality to make it safer for human consumption and suitable for multiple uses (Li 2020; Li and Wu 2019a, b). Among common groundwater contaminants, cadmium (Cd) is one of the most perilous heavy metals, which has been * Peiyue Li [email protected]; [email protected] 1
School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China
2
Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China
3
School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, Shaanxi, China
considered harmful to the environment and human health (Elshkaki and Shen 2019). Cd contamination can damage soil availability and ca
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