3D Hierarchical Porous Activated Carbon Derived from Bamboo and Its Application for Textile Dye Removal: Kinetics, Isoth
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3D Hierarchical Porous Activated Carbon Derived from Bamboo and Its Application for Textile Dye Removal: Kinetics, Isotherms, and Thermodynamic Studies Huan Liu & Chao Xu & Xueling Wei & Yiming Ren & Dingxing Tang & Cuige Zhang & Rongli Zhang & Fang Li & Chaofei Huo
Received: 15 May 2020 / Accepted: 22 September 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract In this study, activated carbons were prepared from bamboo via carbonization and successive KOH activation by tuning the post-treatment procedure. The resultant carbons possessed high surface area, high oxygen doping, and 3D hierarchical porous structure with interconnected micro-, meso- and macropores. These features resulted in ultra-excellent adsorption capacity for rhodamine B (> 1200 mg/g). Furthermore, the kinetic and isotherm experimental data were best described by pseudo-second kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model, respectively. The adsorption of RhB onto the assynthesized carbons was a spontaneous endothermic process. The π–π stacking, hydrogen bond, and acid-base interaction were proposed to account for the adsorption mechanism. Moreover, SiO2 in bamboo-based carbon functioned as frameworks and its removal via alkali treatment led to the collapse of porous structure, decreasing surface area, pore volume, and O heteroatom doping, consequently dropping the adsorption performance. Overall, bamboo as an abundant and renewable biomass could be considered as a potential precursor for the production of excellent adsorbent for wastewater purification.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04883-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. H. Liu (*) : C. Xu : X. Wei : Y. Ren : D. Tang : C. Zhang : R. Zhang : F. Li : C. Huo College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, People’s Republic of China e-mail: [email protected]
Keywords Hierarchical porous carbon . Adsorption . Bamboo . Rhodamine B . Post-treatment
1 Introduction With the rapid development of the world economy, environmental pollutions become more and more serious, especially the contamination of the surface and groundwater resources. Rhodamine B (RhB), a typical and cationic dye, is widely utilized in textile, paper, rubber, plastic, leather, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. The discharge of dye-containing water even at a very low concentration from these industries results in the increase in toxicity and chemical oxygen demand, and also the decrease of the light penetration, which has a negative effect on photosynthetic phenomena of hydrophyte. The pollution of industrial dye can be easily confirmed as its presence in water is visible. At present, lots of methods, such as membrane filtration, ion exchange, precipitation, reverse osmosis, evaporation, and adsorption, were developed by researchers to address the environment problem (Mohammed and Tanweer 2018; Tao et al. 2015). The adsorption technology onto activated carbon for removin
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