Response of maize plant to sodium hydrosulfide pretreatment under lead stress conditions at early stages of growth
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Response of maize plant to sodium hydrosulfide pretreatment under lead stress conditions at early stages of growth Roya Zanganeh1 · Rashid Jamei1 · Fatemeh Rahmani1 Received: 2 May 2020 / Accepted: 29 September 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó Zrt. 2020
Abstract Lead contamination is a major environmental stress imposing serious toxicity to plants and other living organisms. In the present study, the effects of sodium hydrosulfide were investigated on maize plants exposed to lead stress. Maize seeds were soaked in 0.5 mM sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) for 12 h and then exposed to lead (2.5 mM Pb(NO3)2) for 9 days. Lead imposition caused Pb accumulation, water stress induction, growth inhibition, sharp increases in oxidative parameters with reduction in chlorophyll content and nutrients uptake in maize plants. Data indicate that NaHS pretreatment conferred mitigation of lead toxicity. The improved tolerance governed by NaHS could be attributed to its ability to reduce lead uptake and regulation of mineral nutrition, modulation of root anatomical structure changes, induction of antioxidant system and protective compounds contents such as soluble sugar, glutathione, ascorbic acid and total phenol. Keywords Anatomical response · Hydrogen sulfide · Maize · Mineral elements · Oxidative stress · Pb stress
Introduction Lead (Pb) is one of the most toxic heavy metals. The entry of Pb into the plants results in growth inhibition, water and mineral nutrition imbalance, anatomical changes, and oxidative stress (Sharma and Dubey 2005). In higher plants, multiple mechanisms exist to cope with different stressful situations. Plants possess antioxidant defense systems including enzymatic and non-enzymatic to cope with Pb-induced oxidative stress. Osmolytes also play crucial role in osmotic adjustment and their accumulation is a defense mechanism in response to stress (Sharma and Dubey 2005; Ali et al. 2014). Moreover, phenolics are protective compounds which ameliorate negative impacts of heavy metals excess and may have metal chelation properties in plants (Zafari et al. 2016). Hydrogen sulfide ( H2S) is a signaling molecule which has been reported to be involved in many adaptive responses to different biotic and abiotic stresses (Chen et al. 2017). Previous studies revealed that exogenous application of sodium Communicated by Á. Gallé. * Rashid Jamei [email protected] 1
hydrosulfide (NaHS, H 2S donor) effectively ameliorated heavy metal-induced toxicity like mercury, copper, chromium, aluminum, cadmium and Pb (Chen et al. 2017; Ali et al. 2014). The NaHS mitigates heavy metal stress in plants through decreasing accumulation of heavy metal, improvement of antioxidative defense systems and regulation of mineral homeostasis (Chen et al. 2017; Ali et al. 2014). Exogenous application of useful substances which reinforce plant resistance to environmental stresses is substantial. This research aimed to investigate the effect of NaHS priming on growth parameters, total chlorophyll content, water content and elements of zin
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