Nitrogen mineralization and eutrophication risks in mangroves receiving shrimp farming effluents
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Nitrogen mineralization and eutrophication risks in mangroves receiving shrimp farming effluents Hermano Melo Queiroz 1,2 & Tiago Osório Ferreira 1 & Carlos Alberto Kenji Taniguchi 3 & Diego Barcellos 1 & Juliana Costa do Nascimento 1 & Gabriel Nuto Nóbrega 4 & Xosé Luis Otero 5 & Adriana Guirado Artur 2 Received: 15 May 2019 / Accepted: 12 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Nitrogen (N) inputs originated from shrimp farming effluents were evaluated for potential changes in the net N mineralization for mangrove soils from Northeastern Brazil. Our study provides notable information and assessment for the potential enhancement of N mineralization in preserved and shrimp-impacted semi-arid mangrove soils of the Jaguaribe River estuary, which is one of the largest shrimp producers of Brazil, using an analytical and daily tidal variation experimental approach. Nitrogen-rich effluents promoted a significant (p value < 0.001) increase of the total soil N content (1998 ± 201 mg kg−1 on average) compared with the preserved sites (average: 1446 ± 295 mg kg−1). The effluents also increased the N mineralization in the shrimp-impacted sites (N-min: 86.6 ± 37.5 mg kg−1), when compared with preserved mangroves (N-min: 56.5 ± 23.8 mg kg−1). Over a daily tidal variation experiment, we found that just 30% (36.2 ± 20.6 mg kg−1) of mineralized N remains stored in the soil, whereas 70% (102.9 ± 38.8 mg kg−1) was solubilized in tidal waters. Therefore, the N mineralization process may trigger eutrophication by increasing N inorganic bioavailability in mangrove soils receiving N-rich effluents from shrimp ponds, which in turn might increase primary producers’ activity. This approach has not been studied so far in semi-arid mangroves, where the shrimp farming activity is one of the most important economic activities. Keywords Inorganic nitrogen . Mangrove soils . Soil pollution
Introduction Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues * Hermano Melo Queiroz [email protected] 1
Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ-USP), Av. Pádua Dias 11, 13418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
2
Departamento de Ciências do Solo, Universidade Federal do Ceará, UFC, Av. Mister Hull 2977, Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará 60440-554, Brazil
3
Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Rua Dra. Sara Mesquita Street, 2270, Planalto Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará 60511-110, Brazil
4
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências (Geoquímica), Departamento de Geoquímica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Outeiro São João Baptista s/n, Centro, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24020-141, Brazil
5
Departamento de Edafoloxíe e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain
Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for thriving mangrove ecosystems. However, excessive exogenous N amendments may pose serious environmental risks in these ecosystems, such as eutrophication (Feller 1995; Boto 2017). For example, the discharge of high loads of nutrients (in
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