Review of psychological stress on oocyte and early embryonic development in female mice
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(2020) 18:101
REVIEW
Open Access
Review of psychological stress on oocyte and early embryonic development in female mice Qiu-Yue Zhai1,2, Jun-Jie Wang3, Yu Tian3, Xiaofang Liu4 and Zhenhua Song1,2*
Abstract Psychological stress can cause adverse health effects in animals and humans. Accumulating evidence suggests that psychological stress in female mice is associated with ovarian developmental abnormalities accompanied by follicle and oocyte defects. Oocyte and early embryonic development are impaired in mice facing psychological stress, likely resulting from hormone signalling disorders, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and alterations in epigenetic modifications, which are primarily mediated by the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal (HPA) and hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axes. The present evidence suggests that psychological stress is increasingly becoming the most common causative factor for female subfertility. Here, we review recent progress on the impact of psychological stress on female reproduction, particularly for oocyte and early embryonic development in female mice. This review highlights the connection between psychological stress and reproductive health and provides novel insight on human subfertility. Keywords: Psychological stress, Oocyte, Early embryonic development, Subfertility
Introduction Psychological stress in humans usually refers to uncomfortable ‘emotional experiences’ accompanied by predictable biochemical, physiological and behavioural changes or responses [1]. Generally, when stressful events from the environment exceed adaptive capacity, people are thought to suffer from psychological stress. Statistics have shown that approximately 20–25% of patients with severe psychological stress go on to develop depression [1–3]. In addition, an underlying connection between psychological stress and some diseases, including repression, cardiovascular disease (CVD), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and cancer has been reported [4]. Thus, psychological stress has clinically been deemed a * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China 2 Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
potential factor that threatens human health and should be given more attention. There are two classes of psychological stress, acute and chronic, which can also be divided into disconnected and persistent psychological stress [5, 6]. As reported, a series of physiological responses involved in the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems are triggered in humans or animals when subjected to psychological stress [7, 8]. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a neuroendocrine regulatory network involved in controlling the response to stress and regulating many physiological activities, shows dysfunction in most patients with depression [9, 10]. Corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) produced by the hypothala
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