Revisiting CRISPR/Cas-mediated crop improvement: Special focus on nutrition
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Review Revisiting CRISPR/Cas-mediated crop improvement: Special focus on nutrition TANUSHRI KAUL* , SONIA KHAN SONY , RACHANA VERMA, KHALED FATHY ABDEL MOTELB, ARUL T PRAKASH, MURUGESH ESWARAN, JYOTSNA BHARTI, MAMTA NEHRA and RASHMI KAUL Nutritional Improvement of Crops Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067, India *Corresponding author (Email, [email protected], [email protected])
These authors have contributed equally to the publication.
Genome editing (GE) technology has emerged as a multifaceted strategy that instantaneously popularised the mechanism to modify the genetic constitution of an organism. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) protein-based genome editing (CRISPR/Cas) approach has huge potential for efficacious editing of genomes of numerous organisms. This framework has demonstrated to be more economical in contrast to mega-nucleases, zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) for its flexibility, versatility, and potency. The advent of sequence-specific nucleases (SSNs) allowed the precise induction of double-strand breaks (DSBs) into the genome, ensuring desired alterations through non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) or homology-directed repair (HDR) pathways. Researchers have utilized CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome alterations across crop varieties to generate desirable characteristics for yield enhancement, enriched nutritional quality, and stressresistance. Here, we highlighted the recent progress in the area of nutritional improvement of crops via the CRISPR/Cas-based tools for fundamental plant research and crop genetic advancements. Application of this genome editing aids in unraveling the basic biology facts in plants supplemented by the incorporation of genome-wide association studies, artificial intelligence, and various bioinformatic frameworks, thereby providing futuristic model studies and their affirmations. Strategies for reducing the ‘off-target’ effects and the societal approval of genome-modified crops developed via this modern biotechnological approach have been reviewed. Keywords.
CRISPR/Cas9; crop improvement; crops; genome editing; nutrition; off-target
1. CRISPR/Cas system: a prospective strategy for crop improvement Genome editing (GE) is an efficient toolkit for altering a target genome, which turns out to be explicitly effective, and targeted change from an individual nucleotide to a broad-range sequence alteration. This This article is part of the Topical Collection: Genetic Intervention in Plants: Mechanisms and Benefits. http://www.ias.ac.in/jbiosci
task is usually performed with numerous endonucleases that cleave a specific gene at a distinct locus. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) or CRISPR associated (Cas) proteins perform as a molecular cleaving tool-kit in an agreement with the cell
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