Rhinovirus is an important pathogen in upper and lower respiratory tract infections in Mexican children
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RESEARCH
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Rhinovirus is an important pathogen in upper and lower respiratory tract infections in Mexican children Fernando E Aponte1†, Blanca Taboada1†, Marco A Espinoza1, María A Arias-Ortiz2, Jesús Monge-Martínez2, Rubén Rodríguez-Vázquez2, Fidel Díaz-Hernández2, Fernando Zárate-Vidal2, Rosa María Wong-Chew3, Verónica Firo-Reyes4, Carlos N del Río-Almendárez5, Jesús Gaitán-Meza6, Alberto Villaseñor-Sierra7, Gerardo Martínez-Aguilar8, Maricela García-Borjas8, Daniel E Noyola9, Luis F Pérez-Gónzalez10, Susana López1, José I Santos-Preciado3 and Carlos F Arias1*
Abstract Background: Most of the studies characterizing the incidence of rhinovirus (RV) have been carried out in hospitalized children and in developed countries. In those studies, RV-C has been associated with more severe respiratory tract infections than RV species A and B. In this study we determined the frequency and diversity of RV strains associated with upper and lower respiratory tract infections (URTI, LRTI) in Mexico, and describe the clinical characteristics of the illness associated with different RV species. Methods: A prospective surveillance of 526 and 250 children with URTI and LRTI was carried out. Respiratory samples were analyzed by RT-PCR for viruses. The 5′ untranslated region of the RV genome was amplified and sequenced. Results: In the case of URTI, 17.5% were positive for RV, while this virus was found in 24.8% of LRTI. The RV species was determined in 73 children with URTI: 61.6% were RV-A, 37% RV-C and, 1.4% RV-B; and in 43 children with LRTI: 51.2% were RV-A, 41.8% RV-C, and 7% RV-B. No significant differences in clinical characteristics were found in patients with RV-A or RV-C infections. A high genetic diversity of RV strains was found in both URTI and LRTI. Conclusions: Both RV-A and RV-C species were frequently found in hospitalized as well as in outpatient children. This study underlines the high prevalence and genetic diversity of RV strains in Mexico and the potential severity of disease associated with RV-A and RV-C infections. Keywords: Rhinovirus, Respiratory virus infections, Genetic diversity, Children
Introduction Pneumonia continues to be a major killer of young children in developing countries and elderly people in developed countries. Despite recent advances, further studies are needed to examine regional variation in its etiology, particularly in developing countries, where most of the deaths from serious respiratory diseases occur [1,2]. Rhinovirus (RV) is the most frequent cause of acute respiratory illness worldwide [3-5]. This virus has been * Correspondence: [email protected] † Equal contributors 1 Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
typically associated with upper respiratory tract infections (URTI); however, with the development of molecular methods RV has been found to be also commonly associated with lower respirat
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