RNA Interference From Biology to Clinical Applications

From the early days when RNA interference was a strange artifact in worms to the 2006 Noble Prize received by Fire and Mello and the current clinical trials, the field of RNA interference has grown at a breakneck pace. In RNA Interference: From Biology to

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Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK



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RNA Interference From Biology to Clinical Applications

Edited by

Wei-Ping Min Departments of Surgery, Microbiology and Immunology, and Pathology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada

Thomas Ichim MediStem Laboratories Inc., San Diego, CA, USA

Editors Wei-Ping Min, MD, Ph.D. Departments of Surgery Microbiology and Immunology, and Pathology University of Western Ontario London, ON Canada [email protected]

Thomas Ichim, Ph.D. MediStem Laboratories Inc. San Diego, CA USA [email protected]

ISSN 1064-3745 e-ISSN 1940-6029 ISBN 978-1-60761-587-3 e-ISBN 978-1-60761-588-0 DOI 10.1007/978-1-60761-588-0 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2010920843 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Humana Press, c/o Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or ­dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, ­neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is a part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface There are a few moments, defining the research path of one’s career that remain crystal clear and as memorable as yesterday. For both of us, one such moment was our learning of the process of RNA interference and the stunning realization of its implications in our discipline. Being immunologists by training, we have been interested in exploring how to either activate this T cell more toward one direction or manipulate this dendritic cell in another. We have been used to doing this through different tissue culture conditions, or addition of chemical inhibitors: these having the drawbacks of unscalability and unspecificity, respectively. It was a cold Canadian night in the winter of 2001. We were having coffee at the Hospital Cafeteria waiting for some data coming out of the laboratory, and both of us were talking about the future of immunology. The need for s