Role of Arabidopsis BBX proteins in light signaling
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Role of Arabidopsis BBX proteins in light signaling Arpita Yadav1 • Nevedha Ravindran1 • Deeksha Singh1 • Puthan Valappil Rahul1 • Sourav Datta1 Received: 1 April 2020 / Accepted: 26 August 2020 Ó Society for Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology 2020
Abstract Light regulates numerous aspects of plant growth and development like seed germination, seedling de-etiolation, pigment accumulation, cotyledon opening and flowering. Specific photoreceptors in plants sense different wavelengths of light and initiate signaling cascade leading to light-regulated responses. Between these photoreceptors and final response there are a web of transcription factors involved directly or indirectly in the signal transduction. B-Box (BBX) family of transcription factors is one of the largest family of light-regulated proteins acting as signal transducers in the light signaling pathway. B-box proteins are known for their role in light-mediated regulation of seed germination, hypocotyl elongation, flowering, circadian movements and stress tolerance. This review is an up to date compilation of the roles of BBX proteins in Arabidopsis in regulating physiological processes through red/far-red, blue and UV-B light signaling pathways in Arabidopsis. It also summarizes the roles of BBX proteins in modulating developmental pathways and stress-related signaling events in Arabidopsis and some crop species. Keywords Arabidopsis thaliana (At) B-box (BBX) Phytochrome (PHY) Cryptochrome (CRY) Elongated Hypocotyl 5 (HY5)
Introduction Being sessile organisms, plants must coordinate their development with the external cues and signals. Light is one of the important cues required throughout the growth and development of plants. Light regulates a number of developmental processes in plants such as seed germination, seedling de-etiolation, flowering, circadian rhythm, organ development, to name a few. Absorption of light by specific photoreceptors in plants initiates and modulates the signaling network thereby adjusting their growth and development (Deng and Quail 1999; Quail 2002b). Around 35% of the total Arabidopsis genome is reprogrammed by light (Tepperman et al. 2004). The growth and response of plants towards light is known as photomorphogenesis while
Nevedha Ravindran and Deeksha Singh have contributed equally to this study. & Sourav Datta [email protected] 1
Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
the dark-mediated response of seedlings is called skotomorphogenesis. Photomorphogenic phenotype of seedlings is characterized by de-etiolation (inhibition of hypocotyl elongation), differentiated chloroplasts, opened and green cotyledons whereas dark phenotype displays elongated hypocotyl, undifferentiated chloroplast, unopened and pale yellow cotyledons (Quail 2002a; Sullivan and Deng 2003; Josse and Halliday 2008) (Fig. 1). Various photoreceptors are known for perceiving specific wavelengths of t
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