Role of Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) against abiotic stress tolerance in legumes: a review
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Role of Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) against abiotic stress tolerance in legumes: a review Kumari Sita1 • Vaneet Kumar2
Received: 19 September 2020 / Accepted: 24 November 2020 Ó Indian Society for Plant Physiology 2020
Abstract Legumes are well known for their nutritional and health benefits as well as for their impact in the sustainability of agricultural systems. Under current scenarios threatened by climate change highlights the necessity for concerted research approaches in order to develop crops that are able to cope up with environmental challenges. Various abiotic stresses such as cold, heat, drought, salt, and heavy metal induce a variety of negative effects in plant growth, development and significantly decline yield and quality. Plant growth regulators or natural products of plants are reported to be effective to improve plant tolerance to several abiotic stresses. Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid involved in various metabolic processes, and partially protects plants from abiotic stress. GABA appears to impart partial protection to various abiotic stresses in most plants by increasing leaf turgor, increased osmolytes and reduced oxidative damage by stimulation of antioxidants. We have compiled various scientific reports on the role and mechanism of GABA in plants against coping with various environmental stresses. We have also described the emerging information about the metabolic and signaling roles of GABA which is being used to improve legume crop against abiotic stress.
& Kumari Sita [email protected] & Vaneet Kumar [email protected] 1
Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
2
Department of Botany, S. L. Bawa DAV College, Batala 143501, India
Keywords Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) Abiotic stress Legumes Climate change
Introduction The worldwide population will reach 9.6 billion people, by 2050, and will face extreme challenges among which attaining food security is a high-priority issue (Stagnari et al. 2017). According to FAO (2020), even before COVID-19, 135 million people globally were already struggling with severe food insecurity and the present scenario creates a situation of ‘‘a crisis within a crisis’’. Food security is also a high-priority issue for achieving sustainable development goal 2 i.e. zero hunger (UN 2019). The Worldwide Global Nutrition Report (2020), highlighted that maximum countries of the world including India have large number of children who are stunted due of nutritional deficiencies. To meet these challenges, a policy framework needs to be developed in which the sustainability of production/consumption patterns becomes central. In this context, food legumes and legume-inclusive production systems can play important roles by delivering multiple services in line with sustainability principles (Stagnari et al. 2017). Indeed, legumes play a central role; at food level system, both for human and animal consumption, as a source of plant protein and with an increasingly importance in impro
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