Role of metallic nanoparticles in water remediation with special emphasis on sustainable synthesis: a review
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(2020) 5:27
CRITICAL REVIEWS
Role of metallic nanoparticles in water remediation with special emphasis on sustainable synthesis: a review Akshita Gupta1 · Moksh Tandon1 · Anupreet Kaur1 Received: 6 October 2020 / Accepted: 19 October 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstarct Water is the main asset of human civilization, and drinking water supplies are a fundamental human necessity. Uncontrolled population growth, however, has disrupted the natural purification process, leading to a shortage of drinking water and rapid industrialization. Many of the world’s drinking water supplies are compromised by various toxins and pathogenic microbes. Therefore, there is a dire need to treat wastewater and make it fir to drink. A range of strategies have been embraced by industries globally to treat wastewater prior to its release to the bio-network, and a number of new notions and technologies are rapidly replacing the established methods. The use of biologically synthesized metal/metal oxide nanoparticles is one of the most highly developed and proficient ways to treat wastewater. Nanoparticles possess various properties such as catalysis, antimicrobial effectiveness, metal sensing and synthetic dyes quenching. Such properties of nanoparticles were used to treat wastewater and made it suitable for various domestic as well as industrial applications. This article compiles various research carried out in the area of green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles and their application in wastewater treatment. Keywords Wastewater treatment · Green synthesis · Metallic nanoparticles · Heavy metal ion sensing · Toxins Abbreviations DBP Disinfection by-product NP Nanoparticle CVD Chemical Vapor Deposition MeNPs Metallic Nanoparticles Ag Silver Au Gold HAuCl4 Chloroauric Acid FTIR Fourier transform infrared TiO2 Titanium dioxide Pd Palladium ZnO Zinc Oxide CNT Carbon nanotube CuO Copper oxide SnO2 Tin Oxide ppm Parts per million Hg2 Mercury CH3Hg Methyl mercury Hg Mercury CdS Cadmium Sulfide * Anupreet Kaur [email protected] 1
University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
Introduction Water is an important life-giving source. Interestingly, human beings drink about 0.03% of the entire water that covers the surface of the plant in their freshwater supply. The main outlets for freshwater are freshwater lakes, tidal ponds and river water. These freshwater supplies have been polluted due to the rapid growth of industry leading to catastrophic environmental and health consequences [1]. Population growth, economization and industrialization are among factors that continue to exploit hydrological resources around the world [2]. The surface and groundwater reserves have been to be adulterated by toxins in the form of inorganic and organic toxins, fertilizers, detergents, pesticides, pharmaceutical and heavy metals at the risk of wholesome drinking water supply [3]. Many of the heavy metals are considered toxic, such as cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), zin
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