Role of Vaccinium arctostaphylos extract on CCl4-induced chronic liver fibrosis in rats
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Role of Vaccinium arctostaphylos extract on CCl4-induced chronic liver fibrosis in rats Alireza Pouyandeh Ravan 1 Farjam Goudarzi 5
&
Hamid Reza Ghasemi Basir 2 & Masoumeh Taheri Azandaryani 3 & Ali Azizi 4 &
Received: 18 March 2020 / Accepted: 28 May 2020 # Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Liver fibrosis is an initial stage of cirrhosis being a result of the pathological deposition of the extracellular matrix. Plants, present a worthwhile source for new drug finding because of a remarkable chemical variety of compounds existing within. Vaccinium arctostaphylos (Va) fruit contains many bioactive anthocyanins that have powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor properties and traditionally are used to control hypertension and diabetes mellitus in Iran. The current study was established to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Va in chronic liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis was induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats to evaluate the effect of the methanolic extract Vaccinium arctostaphylos. Total phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of the extract were measured. The anti-fibrotic properties of Va were evaluated on the inflammatory and fibrogenic parameters.Va significantly compensated CCl4-induced increase of liver function enzymes in serum and histopathological architectural, inflammatory, and fibrotic alterations. Moreover, overactivity of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and an elevated level of nitric oxide (NO) were effectively blocked by Va, suggesting the suppression of liver inflammation. The expression of transforming growth factor-beta )TGF-β1(, transforming growth factor-beta receptor II )TGF-βRII(, matrix metalloproteinase2)MMP-2(, matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP-9), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA_) was significantly downregulated, indicating regulated extracellular matrix content. These findings implicated that Va possessed a hepatoprotective effect by improving hepatic inflammation and fibrogenesis, and this potential was may be due to its antioxidant properties. Keywords Flavonoids . Anti-inflammatory . Anti-fibrotic . Carbon tetrachloride . Liver fibrosis . Vaccinium arctostaphylos
Introduction The liver is the central organ for metabolism, detoxification, and storage of macromolecules, that plays an inevitable role in
the regulation of physiological processes (Bai et al. 2013; Ghasemi et al. 2014; Radbill et al. 2011; Ravan et al. 2017). Hepatic fibrosis is dynamic, and, reversible wound healing response to the hepatocellular injury induced by a
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-020-03131-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Farjam Goudarzi [email protected]
1
Alireza Pouyandeh Ravan [email protected]
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
2
Department of Pathology, School o
