Salicylic Acid Biosynthesis and Role in Modulating Terpenoid and Flavonoid Metabolism in Plant Responses to Abiotic Stre
Salicylic acid (SA) is a simple phenolic acid with hormonal function synthesized from the amino acid phenylalanine or chorismate depending on the plant species, developmental stage and growth conditions. This compound plays a key role in plant growth and
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Salicylic Acid Biosynthesis and Role in Modulating Terpenoid and Flavonoid Metabolism in Plant Responses to Abiotic Stress T. Tounekti, I. Hernández and S. Munné-Bosch Abstract Salicylic acid (SA) is a simple phenolic acid with hormonal function synthesized from the amino acid phenylalanine or chorismate depending on the plant species, developmental stage and growth conditions. This compound plays a key role in plant growth and development, and in plant responses to abiotic stresses such as salinity and drought stress. Under these environmental constraints, plants synthesize a number of secondary metabolites, including flavonoids and terpenoids, with a defence-related function. Here, we will discuss the role of SA in modulating plant responses to abiotic stress, particularly as an inducer of defence responses against salinity and drought stress. Emphasis will be put on discussing the SA signalling pathways that affect flavonoid and terpenoid metabolism as defense compounds against stress.
Keywords Drought stress Salicylic acid Salt stress Terpenoids Flavonoids
1 Introduction Salycilic acid (SA) or ortho-hydroxy benzoic acid has a broad distribution in the plant kingdom (Raskin et al. 1990). Basal SA levels differ widely among species, with up to 100-fold differences between plants, even among members of the same family. For instance, in the Solanaceae, while tobacco contains low basal levels of T. Tounekti Unit of Biodiversity and Valorization of Bioresources in Arid Zones, Faculty of Sciences of Gabès, University of Gabès, Cité Erriadh, Zrig, 6072Gabès, Tunisia I. Hernández S. Munné-Bosch (&) Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Biologia, Avinguda Diagonal 643 08028 Barcelona, Spain e-mail: [email protected]
S. Hayat et al. (eds.), Salicylic Acid, DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6428-6_8, Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013
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SA (\100 ng g-1 FW) (Yalpani et al. 1991; Malamy et al. 1992), potato might contain up to 10 lg of total SA g-1 FW (Navarre and Mayo 2004). In rice, crabgrass, barley, and soybean plants the level of SA is about 1 lg g-1 FW. In the model plant A. thaliana, basal levels of total SA range from 0.250 lg to 1 lg g-1 FW (Nawrath and Metraux 1999; Wildermuth et al. 2001; Brodersen et al. 2005). The highest levels of SA have been found in the inflorescence of thermogenic plants and in spice herbs (Raskin et al. 1990). SA is considered to be a potent plant hormone because of its varied regulatory roles in plant metabolism, growth, development, interaction with other organisms and the responses to environmental stresses (Raskin 1992; Yalpani et al. 1994; Popova et al. 1997; Senaratna et al. 2000). Exogenously applied SA can be used to hasten the negative effects of ozone and UV light (Yalpani et al. 1994; Sharma et al. 1996; Rao and Davis 1999), heat stress (Senaratna et al. 2000; Larkindale and Knight 2002; Chakraborty and Tongden 2005), chilling and drought (Senaratna et al. 2000), and salt and osmotic stresses (Borsan
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