Saprophytic and Pathogenic Yeasts in Atmospheric Aerosols of Southwestern Siberia
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TICS OF CLUSTERS, AEROSOLS, AND HYDROSOLES
Saprophytic and Pathogenic Yeasts in Atmospheric Aerosols of Southwestern Siberia I. S. Andreevaa, *, A. S. Safatova, V. V. Morozovab, N. V. Tikunovab, E. K. Emelyanovaa, c, N. A. Solovyanovaa, I. V. Babkinb, G. A. Buryaka, *, and L. I. Puchkovaa aVECTOR b
State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology, Rospotrebnadzor, Novosibirsk, 630559 Russia Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia cNovosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received January 16, 2020; revised January 16, 2020; accepted April 17, 2020
Abstract—Data on the number and diversity of psychrotolerant yeast isolated from high-altitude and surface samples of atmospheric aerosol from southwestern Siberia are derived from a microbiological study. According to certain phenotypic and genomic characteristics, the yeast isolates are referred to the Saccharomyces, Candida, Sporidiobolus, Aureobasidium, Sporobolomyces, Cryptococcus, Rhodotorula, and some other genera. Both saprophytic and pathogenic microorganisms are detected. Aureobasidium yeast strains are revealed, which actively produce exopolysaccharides and melanin and are promising for biotechnological developments. Keywords: atmospheric aerosols, microorganisms, air mycobiota, psychrophilic yeast, black yeast, Aureobasidium DOI: 10.1134/S1024856020050024
INTRODUCTION The aerosol composition of the atmosphere significantly affects the environment and human health. Bioaerosols, which contain protozoa cysts, plant pollen, spores and cells of fungi, bacteria, viruses, protein macromolecules and metabolites of microorganisms, and particles with the remains of decaying organisms can cause or provoke allergic and infectious diseases [1–3]. Yeast organisms are widespread in nature. Most species have highly specialized habitats in natural ecosystems; they are pathogenic or opportunistic pathogenic microorganisms and are closely associated with living plants or plant debris and vertebral and invertebrate animals [4]. A significant part of the Earth’s biosphere, including the atmosphere, is cold, which explains the widespread occurrence of psychrophilic and psychrotolerant microorganisms in nature. The adaptation to low temperatures is related to changes in the membrane composition, synthesis of cryoprotectants, and overproduction of key enzymes [5]. Psychrophilia is not a property of a particular systematic group. Cold-resistant yeasts are known among the Saccharomyces, Zygosaccharomyces, Pichia, Torulopsis, and other genera [6, 7], including facultative and opportunistic pathogenic species of the Aureobasidium, Entyloma, Candida, Rhodotorula, Cryptococcus, and Malassezia genera, which cause allergic reactions and mycoses in
immunosuppressed people [8]. Psychrophilic pathogenic yeast is found both in the atmosphere of regions with mild climate and of northern regions. Twenty-six species of yeast and yeast-like fungi were
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