Scale-Up of Duddingtonia flagrans Chlamydospores Production from Laboratory to Pilot-Scale Using a Solid-State Fermentat
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Scale-Up of Duddingtonia flagrans Chlamydospores Production from Laboratory to Pilot-Scale Using a Solid-State Fermentation System Paula Daniela Cuadrado Osorio 1,2 & Carlos Rafael Castillo-Saldarriaga 1 Martha Isabel Gómez Alvárez 1 & Eddy J Bautista 1
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Received: 3 March 2020 / Accepted: 23 June 2020/ # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract
The fungus Duddingtonia flagrans is a biological control tool to reduce infective larvae of gastrointestinal nematode in pastures. To create a commercially available bioproduct based on a nematophagous fungus, an efficient mass production process should be developed that is able to guarantee a good predatory capacity and satisfactory production rates. In this work, solid-state fermentation (SSF) parameters were investigated to produce D. flagrans at pilot-scale. The results showed that the relative humidity was a critical factor to increase productivity and to reduce fermentation time. The best production conditions using a tray bioreactor were a relative humidity in the room at 90% for 2 days, and inoculation by sprinkling. The fermentation process was composed of 7 days under submerged fermentation to produce the inoculum and 7 more days of SSF in a tray bioreactor. The productivity reached was 4.96 × 106 chlamydospores g−1 of dry substrate day−1, which is the highest productivity reported to date. The predatory capacity of the chlamydospores produced using this process was 91%. Also, a statistical control process analysis was applied, finding that the process presents stability in the biological activity, yield, and final moisture content of the substrate between batches. Finally, the operational expenses (OPEX) based on the use of the heating and humidification system were estimated, given a final cost of 0.20 USD g−1 of the fermented substrate. Keywords Solid-state fermentation . Scale-up . Tray bioreactor . Nematophagous fungi
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-02003370-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
* Eddy J Bautista [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology
Introduction Duddingtonia flagrans is one of the most potent biological control agents (BCA) of the worms by reducing the number of L3 on pasture and minimizing the risk of reinfection. More specifically, in horses, it has been demonstrated the effect of biological control against Cyathostomins sp. [1]. Additionally, in sheep D. flagrans have been studied as an alternative to reduce infected animals with the nematode parasite Haemonchus contortus [2]. Also, the use of D.flagrans has been studied in cattle that are attacked by species of parasites such as Ostertagia spp., Cooperia spp., Oesophagostomum spp., and Trichostrongylus spp. [3]. D. flagrans stands out because of its excellent ability to produce large amounts of chlamydospores. Chlamydospores have been defined as a
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