Wheat root transcriptional responses against Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici
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Phytopathology Research
RESEARCH
Open Access
Wheat root transcriptional responses against Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici Jie Zhang1†, Haixia Yan2†, Mingcong Xia1, Xiaoyun Han1, Lihua Xie3, Paul H. Goodwin4, Xin Quan1, Runhong Sun1, Chao Wu1 and Lirong Yang1*
Abstract Wheat root rot caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt) results in severe yield losses in wheat production worldwide. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism that regulates systemic symptom development in infected wheat. Fluorescent microscopy observation of the stained wheat roots infected by Ggt showed that lesions were visible when the fungus could be detected in the endodermis, pericycle and phloem at 5 days post inoculation (dpi), and rust symptoms were visible when there was extensive fungal colonization in the root cortex at 6 dpi. Transcriptome sequencing of Ggt-inoculated wheat roots and healthy control root samples was performed at 5 dpi to identify Ggt-induced gene expression changes in wheat roots at the time of lesion formation. A total of 3973 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, of which 1004 (25.27%) were up-regulated and 2969 (74.73%) were down-regulated in Ggt-inoculated wheat roots compared with those in control roots. GO annotation and KEGG pathway analysis of these DEGs revealed that many of them were associated with pathogen resistance, such as those involved in oxidation-reduction process, tryptophan biosynthesis process, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis process. Analysis of DEGs revealed that 15 DEGs were involved in cellular regulation, 57 DEGs in signal transduction pathways, and 75 DEGs in cell wall reorganization, and 23 DEGs are pathogenesisrelated proteins. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) of 13 of those DEGs showed that these genes may play roles in wheat resistance against Ggt. Overall, this study represents the first transcriptional profiling of wheat roots in response to Ggt infection and further characterization of DEGs identified in this study may lead to better understanding of resistance against take-all in wheat. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, Wheat roots, RNA-Seq, Differentially expressed genes, Plant defense response
Background Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most extensively grown cereal crop and one of the four major food crops in the world (McMillan et al. 2014). Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt), a soil-borne necrotrophic * Correspondence: [email protected] † Jie Zhang and Haixia Yan contributed equally to this work. 1 Institute of Plant Protection Research, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Biopesticide Engineering Research Center, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Protection, Zhengzhou 450002, P. R. China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
fungal pathogen, causes a root rot disease in wheat known as take-all (Cook 2003; Kwak et al. 2009; Yang et al. 2015a). Runner hyphae of Ggt grow along the surface of plant roots and then pe
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