Secondary dispersion of trace elements in bottom sediments of the High Dam Lake, South Egypt and North Sudan
- PDF / 4,014,830 Bytes
- 23 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 90 Downloads / 237 Views
ORIGINAL PAPER
Secondary dispersion of trace elements in bottom sediments of the High Dam Lake, South Egypt and North Sudan Mohamed Abdallah Gad Darwish 1 & Hebert Pöllmann 2 Received: 27 March 2015 / Accepted: 29 November 2018 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2018
Abstract Thirty-four chemical elements, pH, total nitrogen, and total organic carbon were determined in 49 bottom sediment samples from the whole High Dam Lake in order to improve our understanding of geochemical characteristics of these sediments and geochemical patterns of trace elements and related feeding sources. The present study revealed that the lake were clearly discriminated into three portions in accordance with the sediment geochemistry and geographic position. Likewise, the analyzed elements in the entire lake sediments were classified into six geochemical association patterns that are indicative of the contributing geogenic and anthropogenic sources. As has been noted here, mineralogy, anthropogenic inputs, pH, and organic matter had significant roles in controlling the behavior, concentration, dispersion, and geochemical patterns of the trace elements in the lake sediments. Consequently, the elevated concentration of Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sc, V, Y, and Zn posed moderate contamination level in the sediments. At the same time, the enhancement of Ag, Se, and Te levels caused contamination up to very high levels. Admittedly, the contamination levels were generated by natural and human activities that are coming from the Nile basin countries. Despite progressive deterioration of these sediments, they still have economic applications. Keywords Secondary dispersion . Statistical techniques . Trace elements . High Dam Lake . South Egypt and North Sudan
Introduction The lake sediments are considered as the secondary environment for trace elements dispersion, composed of transport materials derived from the watershed (Ng and King 2004), and they undoubtedly are a representative of upstream lithology (Ranasinghe et al. 2009). The composition of lake sediments allows us to understand the fate of transportation of the terrestrial materials into the basins and the factors that control both the distribution and geochemistry of sediments (Hedges and Keil 1995; Bianchi et al. 2002). In addition, the lake sediment Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-018-4127-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Mohamed Abdallah Gad Darwish [email protected] 1
Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
2
Mineralogy and geochemistry department, Faculty of Science III, Halle University, Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
data have been used to study the historical record of heavy metal input to the lakes, evaluate background concentrations, and assess relative increases in concentrations because of largescale anthropogenic influences (Jin et al. 2006). Consequently, these sediments play a significant role in explo
Data Loading...
