Secondary metabolites, carbohydrate accumulation, and nutrient uptake in Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem seedlings exposed to s
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Secondary metabolites, carbohydrate accumulation, and nutrient uptake in Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem seedlings exposed to shoot cutting and different LEDspectra Hongxu Wei1 · Hengtian Zhao2 · Xin Chen1 · Xingyuan He1,3 Received: 15 April 2020 / Revised: 22 June 2020 / Accepted: 9 October 2020 © Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków 2020
Abstract Aralia elata is a famous homology of traditional medicine and wild vegetable due to its enriched content of flavonoids and saponins. Heavy exploration for shoots has nearly resulted in the exhaustion of the natural reserve of this species, but its traditional culture regime largely depends on land use in the long term. In this study, 1-year-old A. elata seedlings were cultured in commercial substrate under a plant factory condition where lighting was supplied by light-emitting diode (LED) panels in two bionic spectra of 16.9% red (R), 77.8% green (G), and 5.4% blue (B) (R2G4B2) and 12.5% R, 84.6% G, and 2.9% B (R2G10B1) to mimic the understory sunlight in natural populations. An artificial spectrum of 26.6% R, 59.9% G, and 13.5% B (R2G1B3) was also involved as the comparison. All LED lighting had a daily photoperiod of 18 h at the photosynthetic photon flux rate of 150 μmol m−2 s−1. Seedlings were fed by exponential fertilization at the rate of 140 mg nitrogen (N) p lant−1[N–phosphorus (P)2O5–potassium (K)2O, 9–30–20]. Shoots were harvested twice with a midway cutting. The R2G10B1 spectrum promoted concentrations of N, P, starch, and total saponins in the secondly harvested shoots, where the R2G4B2 spectrum enhanced stem length, fresh weight, N content, and total saponin content per sprouted shoot. Total flavonoid content had a positive correlation with weight and contents of N, P and sugars, but the positive correlation of total saponins was only with weight. The drastic decline of sprout density in the second harvest decreased the content of total saponins in grouped A. elata seedlings. We conclude that light spectra and shoot cutting had a combined effect on biomass accumulation and total saponins which can be promoted in shoot-cut A. elata seedlings in the R2G4B2 spectrum under plant factory condition. Keywords Cilongya · Longyacongmu · Non-wood forest product (NWFP) · Montane resource · Anthropogenic activity · Nutrient loading
Introduction Araliaceae is a large family containing 50 genera and 1412 species (Guo et al. 2019; Prasanth et al. 2017). The genus Aralia of Araliaceae family contains 71 species and many of them are taken as montane food and traditional medicine in Eurasian countries (Shikov et al. 2016; Sun et al. 2017; Wei et al. 2019a). Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem is one of the most famous species of Aralia genus that has natural distribution records in Northeast China (40‒48° N) (Committee for the Communicated by A. Krolicka. * Xingyuan He [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
Flora of China 1978), Northeast USA (40‒43° N) (Charlton 2009; Mo
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