Secondary treated wastewater of latex processing: reusing for irrigation or treatment by membrane filtration
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Secondary treated wastewater of latex processing: reusing for irrigation or treatment by membrane filtration Huyen Vu Xuan Dang1,2 · Hanh Vu Bich Dang1,2 · Huu Dung Doan3 · Tan Phong Nguyen4 Received: 15 March 2020 / Accepted: 17 July 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Many technologies have been developed to treat the rubber effluent, but the quality of the treated effluent after the secondary treatment still does not meet the requirements for releasing it back to water bodies. This treated effluent becomes one of the most challenging problems for the Vietnamese rubber industry. Therefore, the present paper studied two applications as a potential solution for this issue. The first one is an advanced technology using membrane ultrafiltration, for a higher quality of the treated effluent that meets the disposal requirements. The second application is a direct reuse of the effluent for agricultural irrigation. For investigation of the effectiveness of the membrane filtration, a small-scale ultrafiltration apparatus with polyacrylonitrile membrane was used to conduct experiments on synthetic wastewater. The obtained results indicate that the membrane significantly reduced the COD concentration of the treated effluent to a level below the limit of 50 mg/L set by the Vietnamese Regulatory for discharge to water bodies. Kinetics of membrane ultrafiltration was also discussed. For the reuse of the treated effluent for irrigation, the effluent must have no negative impact on the groundwater. In order to investigate this aspect, a large-scale penetration test was conducted using a column filled with soil samples collected from rubber plantations in Binh Duong. The column penetration test results show that the irrigated effluent posed no harmful effect on groundwater. All COD, total nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations at a depth higher than groundwater were lower than the discharge limits for treated wastewater to water bodies. Keywords Natural rubber effluent · Wastewater treatment · Membrane filtration · Agricultural irrigation · National Technical Regulation of Vietnam
* Huyen Vu Xuan Dang [email protected] * Tan Phong Nguyen [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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Table 1 Characteristics of a rubber effluent
H. V. X. Dang et al. No.
Component
Concentration (mg/L)
1
COD
1500–7000
2
BOD
3500–14,000
3
Suspended solids (SS)
200–00
4
(TN)
200–1800
5
Sulfate
500–2000
Introduction Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and Vietnam are the world’s largest natural rubber suppliers. These countries produce 70–80% of raw rubber global supply [1–3]. Production of rubber products from natural rubber not only requires a large amount of water for its operation but also releases high volume of effluent which requires to be treated. According to the Vietnam Rubber Group, the Vietnamese rubber industry produces 10 million m 3 of effluent annually and, on average, the production of 1 tonne of rubber products discharges 25 to 35 m 3 of
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