Sediment-water column exchange of persistent organic pollutants (PAH s and PCB s ) and their transport vector in El Bey
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AGIC 2017
Sediment-water column exchange of persistent organic pollutants (PAHs and PCBs) and their transport vector in El Bey watershed, Tunisia Samia Khadhar 1 & Dhouha Achour 2 & Anis Chekirben 1 & Rim Chawachi 3 & Ammar Mlayah 1 & Abdelkrim Charef 1 Received: 29 May 2017 / Accepted: 21 August 2018 / Published online: 7 September 2018 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2018
Abstract El Bey river, which drains 60% of the pollutant load of several urban cities in the northeast of Tunisia, provides a good example of the transfer of organic and metallic pollutants that result from industrial and urban activity, and can be used to show how these charges are transported and discharged into the Gulf of Tunis. Persistent organic pollutants (PAH and PCB) in dissolved, particulate matter, bed sediments, and three wastewater effluents in El Bey watershed were analyzed. PAH (∑14PAHs) concentration ranged from 0.248 to 9.955 mg L−1 and from 0.836 to 28.539 mg L−1 in dissolved and particulate fraction respectively. The particulate/dissolved partition coefficient value (Kd) was less than one which confirmed the affinity of PAH to be adsorbed. In sediment, the high-molecular weight PAHs were found principally with percentage between 50 and 100% witch present 239.99 to 5362.19 μg kg−1, which is relatively higher in comparison with other estuaries river. Contrary to PAH patterns, PCB were bound to dissolve fraction. Kd (PCB) value (Kd > 1) reflected this affinity which is related to environment energy. The spatial distribution and profile of analyzed organic pollutants confirmed the direct impact of wastewater effluent on the organic pollution level in three compartment of El Bey watershed and his profiles suggested different transport patterns. Keywords POPs . Water column . Distribution . Sedimentary quality . Wastewater effluent . Transport
Introduction Over the last century, increasing in population and industry has resulted in increases in anthropogenic micro-organic pollutants. More recently, there has been an increasing attention in the effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) in the fragile ecosystems and organisms (Net et al. 2015a, b, c). PAHs and PCB are ubiquitous hydrophobic organic compound; they are bioaccumulative and persistent in This article is part of the Topical Collection on Geology of North Africa and Mediterranean Regions * Samia Khadhar [email protected] 1
Water Researches and Technologies Centre, Borj-Cedria Science and Technology Park, PO. Box 273, 8020 Soliman, Tunisia
2
Institute of High Science and Environmental Technologies, Borj-Cedria, Tunisia
3
Institute of High BioTechnologies Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
the environment (Callen et al. 2013; Zhang et al. 2016). PCBs were used despite their been on restricted use by (UNEP 2002). It is among the most prevalent environmental pollutant (Net et al. 2014; Syakti et al. 2015).They have been used in
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