Selection of assay, organism, and approach in biomonitoring significantly affects the evaluation of genotoxic potential
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Selection of assay, organism, and approach in biomonitoring significantly affects the evaluation of genotoxic potential in aquatic environments Jovana Jovanović Marić 1,2 & Margareta Kračun-Kolarević 1 & Stoimir Kolarević 1,2 & Karolina Sunjog 3 & Jovana Kostić-Vuković 3 & Björn Deutschmann 4 & Henner Hollert 4,5 & Dina Tenji 6 & Momir Paunović 1 & Branka VukovićGačić 2 Received: 5 March 2020 / Accepted: 4 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this study, few different evaluation concepts were used for the assessment of genotoxic potential at the stretch of the Danube River identified as a significant hotspot of pollution originated through the untreated wastewaters. Three sites were chosen: one site upstream of the wastewater outlet in Novi Sad (Serbia), one at the outlet of wastewaters, and one site few kilometer downstream. Ex situ approach comprised prokaryotic SOS/umuC test on Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1005 and comet assay on human hepatoma cell line (HepG2). In situ approach was based on the active monitoring (cage approach) using freshwater mussels Sinanodonta woodiana and fish Cyprinus carpio. The comet and micronucleus assays were selected for evaluation of DNA damage in mussel haemocytes and fish blood cells. Within the ex situ part of the study, our results indicated that the eukaryotic model system is more sensitive compared to the prokaryotic one. In situ bioassays are recommended for obtaining a better insight into ecosystem status and in the case of our study the complete insight of genotoxic pressure. However, the choice of animals as bioindicators also has a significant impact on the quality of the obtained information. Differential response between fish and mussels was observed at the highly polluted site suggesting possible involvement of additional protective mechanism such as valve closure in mussels. Keywords Eco/genotoxicity . Danube River . Comet assay . Bioassays . In situ . Ex situ
Introduction Water, soil, and ground waters are under high anthropogenic pressure, which leads to habitat deterioration and decreases
the water quality in the environment. Subsequently, aquatic organisms could come under significant adverse impact, which can be reflected in the future as low fitness. Even though modern systems for wastewater treatment could not
Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09597-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Margareta Kračun-Kolarević [email protected] 1
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Department for Hydroecology and Water protection, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade 11000, Serbia Faculty of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
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Institute for
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