Selective Extraction of Cholesterol from Dairy Samples Using a Polypyrrole Molecularly Imprinted Polymer and Determinati
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Selective Extraction of Cholesterol from Dairy Samples Using a Polypyrrole Molecularly Imprinted Polymer and Determination by Gas Chromatography Azizollah Nezhadali 1,2 & Zarrin Es’haghi 1 & Aram-Dokht Khatibi 2,3
Received: 28 April 2016 / Accepted: 3 October 2016 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016
Abstract A novel molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was prepared by chemical oxidation of pyrrole through applying FeCl3 and was used as a sorbent for selective batch extraction of cholesterol (CHO) in dairy samples. Gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detector was performed to analyze the samples without any saponification and derivatization treatments. MIP particles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The selectivity of MIP for CHO under competitive adsorption with structurally steroid analogous compounds was investigated and developed polymer showed selectivity toward CHO. The various parameters, such as desorption solvent, the amount of sorbent, pH, and ionic strength, that affect the extraction efficiency of the imprinted polymer were evaluated to optimize the method. Under the optimized conditions, the developed method showed a good linearity in range of 3.75–7000 ng/mL through a correlation coefficient of 0.9952 and 10–120 μg/mL through a correlation coefficient of 0.9921, while good CHO recoveries of 87.3– 92.4 % and the limit of detection and the limit of quantification were, respectively, obtained 1.25 and 4.2 ng/mL. The polypyrrole-MIP showed a high extraction efficiency toward CHO compared to the non-imprinted polymer and was successfully used for the determination of CHO in dairy products.
* Azizollah Nezhadali [email protected]; [email protected]
1
Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.B.19395-4697, Tehran 19569, Iran
2
Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Mashhad, Iran
3
Vice Chancellor for Food and Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
Keywords Molecularly imprinted polymer . Poly pyrrole . Dairy . Cholesterol . GC-FID
Introduction High cholesterol )CHO) is one of the challenges of modern humans. CHO is found in every cell in the body and has important natural functions. It is manufactured by the body; however, it can also be taken in from food productions. It is waxy and fat-like in appearance (Habibzadeh 2015; Jensen et al. 2012; Shaw et al. 2006). The determination of CHO in food is of growing importance to the food industry and consumers, since at normal levels, it is an essential substance for the body’s normal functioning. However, if the levels of CHO in the blood get too high, it becomes a silent danger that puts us at risk of a heart attack. High CHO is a major risk factor for the coronary heart disease, such that reducing blood lipid levels lowers the cardiovascular risk (Tavares et al. 2014). Limiting intake of fat in a diet helps people manage their CHO levels. In particular, it is helpful to limit types of food that conta
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