High-sensitivity Detection of Cysteine and Glutathione Using Au Nanoclusters Based on Aggregation-induced Emission
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
High-sensitivity Detection of Cysteine and Glutathione Using Au Nanoclusters Based on Aggregation-induced Emission Yuanyuan Zhang 1 & Hedan Xu 1 & Yan Chen 1 & Xiaoshuang You 1 & Yunxun Pu 1 & Wenfeng Xu 1 & Xiaoling Liao 1 Received: 11 July 2020 / Accepted: 1 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) stabilized by glutathione (GSH) have been synthesized using a simple one-pot method, which were used as a fluorescence-enhanced probe for the detection of cysteine (Cys) and GSH. The detection is based on the finding that the weak yellow fluorescence of the AuNCs, with excitation/emission maxima of 430/600 nm, can be enhanced by Cys and GSH via NCs aggregation. This method is selective for Cys and GSH. According to the fluorescence enhancement, the detection ranges of AuNCs for Cys and GSH are 2.49 µM ~ 0.80 mM and 1.99 µM ~ 0.44 mM, with the detection limit of 0.42 µM and 0.27 µM, respectively. In addition, the probe has good anti-interference performance over other common biomolecules. Importantly, the probe is successfully used for the determination of Cys in human serum samples, displaying the potential application of the probe in the detection of biological sulfhydryl molecules in actual samples. Keywords Gold nanocluster . Fluorescence enhancement . Aggregation . Cysteine . Glutathione
Introduction Sulfhydryl (-SH) is an important sulfur-containing functional group in biological cells, which exists in human cells, body fluids and tissues, and plays an important role in the fields of functional materials, medicine, biomedicine and other sciences [1, 2]. The concentration of sulfhydryl compounds in human body can be used as a marker for many diseases [3]. Cys, GSH and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) are the most common sulfhydryl compounds in the body, which play a crucial part in physiology. Cys can control the structure of some proteins by forming disulfide bonds with other substances and it also can be used as an antidote to eliminate negative effects of alcohol [4]. Lack of Cys will bring about immune disorder and result in decreased blood cell production and skin diseases in human body; on the contrary, the function of nervous system proteins
Yuanyuan Zhang and Hedan Xu contributed equally to this work. * Xiaoling Liao [email protected] 1
Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nano/Micro Biomedical Detection, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Materials and Devices, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, No. 12 East road, University town, 401331 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
will be affected if the concentration of Cys is too high, leading to Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and autoimmune deficiency syndrome and other diseases [5]. GSH is the most abundant small molecular biological mercaptan in cells, which is a tripeptide composed of glutamic acid, cysteine and glycine [2]. It widely exists in animal and plant organisms, directly or indirectly affects the physiological functions of o
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