Norfloxacin detection based on the peroxidase-like activity enhancement of gold nanoclusters
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RESEARCH PAPER
Norfloxacin detection based on the peroxidase-like activity enhancement of gold nanoclusters Yuying Song 1,2 & Juan Qiao 2,3 & Wei Liu 1 & Li Qi 2,3 Received: 17 September 2020 / Revised: 20 October 2020 / Accepted: 9 November 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The use of nanomaterials as mimic enzymes provides a promising way to implement bio-molecule detection in living systems. However, to achieve highly efficient catalytic processes with gold nanocluster-based nanozymes is still challenging. In this study, a facile reduction method was utilized to synthesize gold nanoclusters with 1-methyl-D-tryptophan as the reducing and capping agent. The obtained gold nanoclusters exhibited a peroxidase-mimicking property in the redox reaction of 3,3′,5,5′tetramethylbenzidine to blue oxidized 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine in the presence of H2O2. The addition of norfloxacin endowed the nanozymes with a 10-fold enhancement in catalytic efficiency due to the surface charge-controlled electron transfer modulation. The colorimetric sensing system presented a high selectivity toward norfloxacin. The good linear relationship of norfloxacin monitoring was gained in the range of 1.25~8.0 μM (R2 = 0.996), with a detection limit of 0.2 μM. The practical application of the proposed protocol for the measurement of norfloxacin in capsules was realized. This demonstrates that on account of their significant catalytic efficiency enhancement, the gold nanocluster-based nanozymes hold great promise in realizing the selective detection of drugs. Keywords Gold nanoclusters . Peroxidase-like activity . Norfloxacin . 3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine
Introduction Norfloxacin (NOR) is a type of fluoroquinolone broadspectrum antimicrobial drug that is widely used in clinical treatments and has a positive effect on various inflammation. However, patients may have to suffer from the side and toxic effects of NOR, which are caused by overdose, such as fetal malformation and renal function damage [1, 2]. Moreover, the presence of antibacterials (including NOR) in the environment
* Wei Liu [email protected] * Li Qi [email protected] 1
College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, No. 601 Jinsui Rd., Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
2
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2 Zhongguancun Beiyijie, Beijing 100190, China
3
School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China
can lead to the development of antibacterial resistance in organisms [3–5]. Therefore, it is reasonable to consider the toxicity and resistance of antibacterials. NOR monitoring in clinical therapy is of great importance for human health and the quality control of drugs. In recent years, various techniques for analysis of NOR have been utilized, including high-performance liquid chromatography [6], enzyme-linked immunoassays [7], the
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