Shielding characteristics of nanocomposites for protection against X- and gamma rays in medical applications: effect of
- PDF / 1,069,546 Bytes
- 18 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 46 Downloads / 157 Views
REVIEW
Shielding characteristics of nanocomposites for protection against X‑ and gamma rays in medical applications: effect of particle size, photon energy and nano‑particle concentration Elham Mansouri1,2 · Asghar Mesbahi2,3 · Reza Malekzadeh3 · Ahmad Mansouri4 Received: 2 February 2020 / Accepted: 28 July 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In recent decades, nanomaterials have been extensively investigated for many applications. Composites doped with different metal nanoparticles have been suggested as effective shielding materials to replace conventional lead-based materials. The use of concretes as structural and radiation protective material has been influenced by the addition of nanomaterials. Several elements with high atomic number and density, such as lead, bismuth, and tungsten, have the potential to form nanoparticles that offer significant enhancements in the shielding ability of composites. Their performance for a range of particle concentrations, particle sizes, and photon energies have been investigated. This review is an attempt to gather the data published in the literature about the application of nanomaterials in radiation shielding, including the use of polymer composites and concretes for protection against X-rays and gamma radiation. Keywords Radiation protection · Photon shielding · Nanoparticles
Introduction The availability of effective protection against ionizing radiation has made possible the safe application of radiation sources in medicine and industry. In this context, the improvement of radiation shielding efficiency has been a challenging research subject, since the discovery of ionizing radiation. In recent times, the use of X- and gamma rays in medicine has been characterized by a growing number of new applications and technologies in medical diagnostics and therapy. According to the biological nature of targeted tissues, exposure to high doses of X- or gamma rays may lead to long- or * Asghar Mesbahi [email protected] 1
Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
2
Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
3
Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
4
Department of Materials Engineering, University of Tabriz, 51666‑16471 Tabriz, Iran
short-term biological effects among humans such as erythema, gene mutations, carcinogenesis, and organ failure; thus, adequate protection against ionizing photons remains an important concern (Burgio et al. 2018; Redpath 2006). Facilities using ionizing radiation are obliged to establish radiation shielding that meets legislative and safety requirements. Conventionally, materials including lead, iron, and various types of concrete have been employed in providing required radiological protection for, for example, radiography, X-ray computed tomography, and nuclear medicine imaging rooms. Lead and other elements including bismuth and tungsten ha
Data Loading...
